Doberman Pinscher Breed Standard
Working Group

General Appearance
The appearance is that of a dog of medium size, with a body that is square. Compactly built, muscular and powerful, for great endurance and speed. Elegant in appearance, of proud carriage, reflecting great nobility and temperament. Energetic, watchful, determined, alert, fearless, loyal and obedient.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Height at the withers: Dogs 26 to 28 inches, ideal about 27½ inches; Bitches 24 to 26 inches, ideal about 25½ inches. The height, measured vertically from the ground to the highest point of the withers, equalling the length measured horizontally from the forechest to the rear projection of the upper thigh. Length of head, neck and legs in proportion to length and depth of body.

Head

Long and dry, resembling a blunt wedge in both frontal and profile views. When seen from the front, the head widens gradually toward the base of the ears in a practically unbroken line. Eyes almond shaped, moderately deep set, with vigorous, energetic expression. Iris, of uniform color, ranging from medium to darkest brown in black dogs; in reds, blues, and fawns the color of the iris blends with that of the markings, the darkest shade being preferable in every case. Ears normally cropped and carried erect. The upper attachment of the ear, when held erect, is on a level with the top of the skull.

Top of skull flat, turning with slight stop to bridge of muzzle, with muzzle line extending parallel to top line of skull. Cheeks flat and muscular. Nose solid black on black dogs, dark brown on red ones, dark gray on blue ones, dark tan on fawns. Lips lying close to jaws. Jaws full and powerful, well filled under the eyes.

Teeth strongly developed and white. Lower incisors upright and touching inside of upper incisors a true scissors bite. 42 correctly placed teeth, 22 in the lower, 20 in the upper jaw. Distemper teeth shall not be penalized. Disqualifying Faults: Overshot more than 3/16 of an inch. Undershot more than 1/8 of an inch. Four or more missing teeth.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck proudly carried, well muscled and dry. Well arched, with nape of neck widening gradually toward body. Length of neck proportioned to body and head. Withers pronounced and forming the highest point of the body. Back short, firm, of sufficient width, and muscular at the loins, extending in a straight line from withers to the slightly rounded croup.

Chest broad with forechest well defined. Ribs well sprung from the spine, but flattened in lower end to permit elbow clearance. Brisket reaching deep to the elbow. Belly well tucked up, extending in a curved line from the brisket. Loins wide and muscled. Hips broad and in proportion to body, breadth of hips being approximately equal to breadth of body at rib cage and shoulders. Tail docked at approximately second joint, appears to be a continuation of the spine, and is carried only slightly above the horizontal when the dog is alert.

Forequarters
Shoulder Blade - sloping forward and downward at a 45-degree angle to the ground meets the upper arm at an angle of 90 degrees. Length of shoulder blade and upper arm are equal. Height from elbow to withers approximately equals height from ground to elbow. Legs seen from front and side, perfectly straight and parallel to each other from elbow to pastern; muscled and sinewy, with heavy bone. In normal pose and when gaiting, the elbows lie close to the brisket. Pasterns firm and almost perpendicular to the ground. Dewclaws may be removed. Feet well arched, compact, and catlike, turning neither in nor out.

Hindquarters
The angulation of the hindquarters balances that of the forequarters. Hip Bone falls away from spinal column at an angle of about 30 degrees, producing a slightly rounded, well filled-out croup. Upper Shanks at right angles to the hip bones, are long, wide, and well muscled on both sides of thigh, with clearly defined stifles. Upper and lower shanks are of equal length. While the dog is at rest, hock to heel is perpendicular to the ground. Viewed from the rear, the legs are straight, parallel to each other, and wide enough apart to fit in with a properly built body. Dewclaws, if any, are generally removed. Cat feet as on front legs, turning neither in nor out.

Coat
Smooth-haired, short, hard, thick and close lying. Invisible gray undercoat on neck permissible.

Color and Markings
Allowed Colors: Black, red, blue, and fawn (Isabella). Markings: Rust, sharply defined, appearing above each eye and on muzzle, throat and forechest, on all legs and feet, and below tail. White patch on chest, not exceeding ½ square inch, permissible. Disqualifying Fault: Dogs not of an allowed color.

Gait
Free, balanced, and vigorous, with good reach in the forequarters and good driving power in the hindquarters. When trotting, there is strong rear-action drive. Each rear leg moves in line with the foreleg on the same side. Rear and front legs are thrown neither in nor out. Back remains strong and firm. When moving at a fast trot, a properly built dog will single-track.

Temperament
Energetic, watchful, determined, alert, fearless, loyal and obedient. The judge shall dismiss from the ring any shy or vicious Doberman.

Shyness: A dog shall be judged fundamentally shy if, refusing to stand for examination, it shrinks away from the judge; if it fears an approach from the rear; if it shies at sudden and unusual noises to a marked degree.

Viciousness: A dog that attacks or attempts to attack either the judge or its handler, is definitely vicious. An aggressive or belligerent attitude towards other dogs shall not be deemed viciousness.

Faults
The foregoing description is that of the ideal Doberman Pinscher. Any deviation from the above described dog must be penalized to the extent of the deviation.

Disqualifications
Overshot more than 3/16 of an inch, undershot more than 1/8 of an inch. Four or more missing teeth.
Dogs not of an allowed color.

Approved February 6, 1982
Reformatted November 6, 1990

[简介] 外观为中等大小，身躯呈正方形。身体结构紧凑，肌肉发达而有力，具有极大的耐力和速度。相貌文雅，态度自信，显示出其高贵的气质。他活泼、警惕、坚定、机敏、勇敢忠诚而顺从。

[体型] 公狗肩高约26~28英寸，理想的肩高在27.5英寸。母狗肩高约24~26英寸，理想的肩高在25.5英寸。肩高（从马肩隆最高点到地面的垂直距离）等于体长（从前胸到大腿的水平距离）。头部、颈部和腿的长度与身体的高度及深度的比例协调。

[头部] 长而紧凑。不论从前面或侧面观察都呈钝楔形。从正面观察，头部由嘴至耳根的轮廓是两根逐渐变宽的完整直线。眼睛呈杏形，位置适度凹陷，眼神显得活泼、精力充沛。眼睛的颜色单一，黑色狗的眼睛颜色为从中等到非常深的褐色，其他颜色如红色、兰色、驼色的狗，眼睛颜色与身体的斑纹颜色一致，但不论什么颜色的狗，眼睛的颜色都是越深越好。耳朵通常是剪耳，而且竖立。当耳朵直立时，耳朵上部位于头顶。头顶平坦，脑袋通过轻微的止部与口吻衔接，口吻轮廓线与脑袋的轮廓平行。面颊平坦、肌肉发达。黑色的狗有纯黑色的鼻镜；红色的狗有深褐色的鼻镜；兰色的狗有深灰色的鼻镜；驼色的狗有深茶色的鼻镜。嘴唇紧贴上下颚，上下颚饱满、有力，位于眼睛下面。白而坚固的牙齿，剪状咬和，总共有42颗牙齿，下颚22颗、上颚20颗。失格：上颚突出超过3/16英寸；下颚突出超过1/8英寸；缺4颗或4颗以上牙齿。

[颈部、背线、身躯] 颈部骄傲地昂着，肌肉发达且紧凑。颈部略拱，逐渐变宽，与身体结合。颈部的长度与身体及头部的长度比例匀称。马肩隆明显，是身躯的最高点。背短而坚固，有足够的宽度。腰部肌肉发达。从马肩隆到略圆的臀部，呈一直线。胸部宽阔，前胸适当隆起。肋骨自脊椎处隆起，向下逐渐变平，到肘部为止。胸深到肘部。腹部适度收起，从胸部延伸过来形成一条曲线。腰部宽且肌肉发达。臀部宽厚，与身体比例恰当。臀部的宽度大约与胸腔及肩部的宽度相等。 尾巴在大约第二节尾骨切断，为脊椎的延伸。只有在警觉时，尾巴会举起高过水平线。

[前躯] 肩胛骨向前、向下倾斜，与水平面成45度角，与前臂成90度角相连。肩胛骨与上臂长度相等，从肘部到马肩隆与从地面到肘部的长度相等。前肢从肘部到脚腕，不论从正面或侧面看都是完美的笔直、彼此平行且有力，骨量充足。不管是站立时还是行走中，肘部都紧贴胸部。脚腕结实、与地面垂直。狼爪可以切除。足爪拱起、紧凑，类似猫足，即不向内翻、也不向外翻。

[后躯] 后躯的角度与前躯平衡，臀骨与脊椎骨呈30度角（向后、向下），使臀部显得略圆、外翘。大腿骨与臀骨角度恰当。大腿长且宽，肌肉发达；大腿骨长度约等于胫骨长度。 当犬安静时，飞节到脚跟这一段与地面垂直。从后面观察，腿直，两腿彼此平行。两腿间有恰当的距离，可以稳定地支撑身体。如果有狼爪，应该切除，足爪与前肢一样，也是猫足。即不向内翻、也不向外翻。

[被毛] 平滑的毛发，短、硬、浓密且紧贴身体。颈部有不可见的灰色底毛是允许的。 [颜色和斑纹] 承认颜色：黑色、红色、蓝色、驼色（伊莎贝拉色）。斑纹：边界清晰的铁锈色斑纹。分布在眼睛上方、口吻、咽喉、前胸、四肢的腿、脚及尾下。前胸如果有白色斑纹，面积不大于1/2平方英寸见方是允许的。失格：犬只所拥有颜色不是所承认颜色。

[步态] 轻松、和谐、精力旺盛，前躯伸展良，后躯驱动有力；小跑时后躯动作有力。每条后腿与前腿都在同一面内运动，既不内翻，也不外翻。背部结实而稳定。快跑时，身体结构完美的狗会沿单一轨迹运动。

[气质] 活泼、警惕、坚定、机敏、勇敢忠诚而顺从。比赛时，裁判将取消胆怯或恶劣的杜宾比赛资格。胆怯：犬只将在以下方面被判定为胆怯，如拒绝站立接受检查，躲避裁判；如害怕别人从身后靠近，如明显的害怕突发和异常的声音。恶劣：攻击或试图攻击任何一个裁判或牵犬师则被认定为恶劣，对其他犬有攻击性或有好斗倾向将不被认定为恶劣。

[缺陷] 前面描述的是理想的杜宾犬，任何与前面描述的不符合的地方都属于缺陷，并根据背离的程度进行扣分。

[失格] 上颚突出超过3/16英寸；下颚突出超过1/8英寸；缺4颗或4颗以上牙齿。犬只所拥有颜色不是所承认颜色。

标准通过日期：1982年2月6日

标准修订日期：1990年11月6日

原作： 酋长

来源： 转译自AKC

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