Mastiff Breed Standard
Working Group

General Appearance
The Mastiff is a large, massive, symmetrical dog with a well-knit frame. The impression is one of grandeur and dignity. Dogs are more massive throughout. Bitches should not be faulted for being somewhat smaller in all dimensions while maintaining a proportionally powerful structure. A good evaluation considers positive qualities of type and soundness with equal weight.

Size, Proposition, Substance
Size--Dogs, minimum, 30 inches at the shoulder. Bitches, minimum, 27½ inches at the shoulder. Fault--Dogs or bitches below the minimum standard. The farther below standard, the greater the fault.

Proportion--Rectangular, the length of the dog from forechest to rump is somewhat longer than the height at the withers. The height of the dog should come from depth of body rather than from length of leg.

Substance--Massive, heavy boned, with a powerful muscle structure. Great depth and breadth desirable. Fault--Lack of substance or slab sided.

Head
In general outline giving a massive appearance when viewed from any angle. Breadth greatly desired.

Eyes set wide apart, medium in size, never too prominent. Expression alert but kindly. Color of eyes brown, the darker the better, and showing no haw. Light eyes or a predatory expression is undesirable. Ears small in proportion to the skull, V-shaped, rounded at the tips. Leather moderately thin, set widely apart at the highest points on the sides of the skull continuing the outline across the summit. They should lie close to the cheeks when in repose. Ears dark in color, the blacker the better, conforming to the color of the muzzle.

Skull broad and somewhat flattened between the ears, forehead slightly curved, showing marked wrinkles which are particularly distinctive when at attention. Brows (superciliary ridges) moderately raised. Muscles of the temples well developed, those of the cheeks extremely powerful. Arch across the skull a flattened curve with a furrow up the center of the forehead. This extends from between the eyes to halfway up the skull. The stop between the eyes well marked but not too abrupt.

Muzzle should be half the length of the skull, thus dividing the head into three parts-one for the foreface and two for the skull. In other words, the distance from the tip of the nose to stop is equal to one-half the distance between the stop and the occiput. Circumference of the muzzle (measured midway between the eyes and nose) to that of the head (measured before the ears) is as 3 is to 5. Muzzle short, broad under the eyes and running nearly equal in width to the end of the nose. Truncated, i.e. blunt and cut off square, thus forming a right angle with the upper line of the face. Of great depth from the point of the nose to the underjaw. Underjaw broad to the end and slightly rounded. Muzzle dark in color, the blacker the better. Fault snipiness of the muzzle.

Nose broad and always dark in color, the blacker the better, with spread flat nostrils (not pointed or turned up) in profile. Lips diverging at obtuse angles with the septum and sufficiently pendulous so as to show a modified square profile. Canine Teeth healthy and wide apart. Jaws powerful. Scissors bite preferred, but a moderately undershot jaw should not be faulted providing the teeth are not visible when the mouth is closed.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck powerful, very muscular, slightly arched, and of medium length. The neck gradually increases in circumference as it approaches the shoulder. Neck moderately "dry" (not showing an excess of loose skin). Topline--In profile the topline should be straight, level, and firm, not swaybacked, roached, or dropping off sharply behind the high point of the rump. Chest wide, deep, rounded, and well let down between the forelegs, extending at least to the elbow. Forechest should be deep and well defined with the breastbone extending in front of the foremost point of the shoulders. Ribs well rounded. False ribs deep and well set back. Underline--There should be a reasonable, but not exaggerated, tuck-up. Back muscular, powerful, and straight. When viewed from the rear, there should be a slight rounding over the rump. Loins wide and muscular.

Tail set on moderately high and reaching to the hocks or a little below. Wide at the root, tapering to the end, hanging straight in repose, forming a slight curve, but never over the back when the dog is in motion.

Forequarters
Shoulders moderately sloping, powerful and muscular, with no tendency to looseness. Degree of front angulation to match correct rear angulation. Legs straight, strong and set wide apart, heavy boned. Elbows parallel to body. Pasterns strong and bent only slightly. Feet large, round, and compact with well arched toes. Black nails preferred.

Hindquarters
Hindquarters broad, wide and muscular. Second thighs well developed, leading to a strong hock joint. Stifle joint is moderately angulated matching the front. Rear legs are wide apart and parallel when viewed from the rear. When the portion of the leg below the hock is correctly "set back" and stands perpendicular to the ground, a plumb line dropped from the rearmost point of the hindquarters will pass in front of the foot. This rules out straight hocks, and since stifle angulation varies with hock angulation, it also rules out insufficiently angulated stifles. Fault--Straight stifles.

Coat
Outer coat straight, coarse, and of moderately short length. Undercoat dense, short, and close lying. Coat should not be so long as to produce "fringe" on the belly, tail, or hind legs. Fault Long or wavy coat.

Color
Fawn, apricot, or brindle. Brindle should have fawn or apricot as a background color which should be completely covered with very dark stripes. Muzzle, ears, and nose must be dark in color, the blacker the better, with similar color tone around the eye orbits and extending upward between them. A small patch of white on the chest is permitted.

Faults--Excessive white on the chest or white on any other part of the body. Mask, ears, or nose lacking dark pigment.

Gait
The gait denotes power and strength. The rear legs should have drive, while the forelegs should track smoothly with good reach. In motion, the legs move straight forward; as the dog's speed increases from a walk to a trot, the feet move in toward the center line of the body to maintain balance.

Temperament
A combination of grandeur and good nature, courage and docility. Dignity, rather than gaiety, is the Mastiff's correct demeanor. Judges should not condone shyness or viciousness. Conversely, judges should also beware of putting a premium on showiness.

Approved November 12, 1991
Effective December 31, 1991

 Mastiff(马士提夫犬)

[简介] 马士提夫犬是一种高大、魁梧、匀称的狗，结构紧密。给人的影象是庄严而高贵。雄性整体都非常魁梧；雌性结构坚实，所有尺寸成比例的比雄性缩小一些，但不能有任何缺陷。评价马士提夫要顾及类型品质和合理的体重。

[体型] 尺寸：雄性最低肩高在30英寸；雌性最低肩高在27.5英寸。缺陷：雄性或雌性低于最低肩高。如果差别过大，属于严重缺陷。比例：矩形，身体长度（从前胸到臀部的距离）略大于肩高。身躯的深度所提供的身高比腿的长度提供的身高更多。体质：由魁梧、沉重的骨骼、有力的肌肉组成。身躯越深、越宽，越好。缺陷：缺乏体质，或身躯象块厚板。

[头部] 从任何角度观察，头部的轮廓都给人一种非常魁梧的影象。宽度非常重要。眼睛：位置分的较开，中等大小，不能太突出。表情警惕但温和。眼睛的颜色为棕色。颜色越深越好。看不到瞬膜。浅色眼睛或侵略性表情都属于缺陷。耳朵：与脑袋相比，耳朵显得小。V字形，尖端略圆。耳廓略薄，位置分的非常开，位于头顶两侧，脑袋轮廓的延伸线顶端。当他休息时，耳朵紧贴面颊。耳朵颜色深，越黑越好，与口吻颜色一致。脑袋：宽，两耳间稍微有点平，前额略弯，在关注某事时，显示出皱纹，是他独特的特征。眉骨（眼睛上方的骨头）适度凸起。额角的肌肉清晰，面颊非常有力。前额中间有纵向皱纹。从两眼间向后延伸，到脑袋中途结束。止部位于两眼中间，清晰但不生硬。口吻的长度为脑袋长度的一半，因此头部被分为三等份，一份为脸部，两份为脑袋。换句话说，就是从鼻镜到止部的距离等于从止部到后枕骨距离的一半。口吻的周长（正好是眼睛到鼻镜距离1/2处的周长）与脑袋周长（耳朵前面位置的周长）的比例为3/5。口吻短、宽，眼睛下方与鼻镜末端的宽度几乎一样。顶端象被截断，也就是说，钝、象被截断为矩形，形成前脸的直角形外观。从鼻镜到下颚的深度非常深，下颚宽，末端略圆，口吻颜色深，越黑越好。缺陷：象猎鹬犬的口吻。鼻镜：宽大，颜色为深色，越黑越好。鼻孔轮廓平展（既不突出，也不向上翻）。嘴唇：充分下垂的嘴唇，修正了头部的矩形轮廓。牙齿：犬齿强壮，距离分的较宽，颚部有力。咬和为剪状咬和，适度的下颚突出式咬和不作为缺陷处理。嘴唇闭合时，应该看不到牙齿。

[颈部、背线、身躯] 颈部：有力、肌肉非常发达、略拱、中等长度。越接近肩部，颈部越粗。颈部适度干燥（看起来没有过分松弛的皮肤）。背线：直、水平、且坚实，没有凹陷、拱起、或臀部后方急剧下垂。胸部：宽、深、圆且在前肢之间向下发展。至少延伸到肘部。前胸轮廓清晰，胸骨比肩胛前端更向前延伸，肋骨扩张良好。下腹线：合理的上提，但不夸张。背部：肌肉发达、有力且直。从后面观察，臀部略圆。腰部：宽而肌肉发达。尾巴：位置为高度适当，能延伸到飞节或更低。尾根宽，而末端尖细，休息时，垂直悬挂着，运动时略向上卷曲，但决不能超过后背。

[前躯] 肩部：适度倾斜，有力，且肌肉发达，决不能有松懈的倾向。前躯角度与后躯角度相称。腿部：直、结实且距离较宽，骨骼沉重。肘部：平行于身体。脚腕：结实而略微倾斜。足爪：大、圆且紧凑，脚趾圆拱，趾甲以黑色为好。

[后躯] 后躯：宽、阔且肌肉发达。健康的大腿：轮廓清晰、带有结实的飞节。膝关节：角度适中，与前躯相称。后腿：距离分的较开，从后面观察，彼此平行。当飞节以下部分的后腿腿正确的“逆转”，且垂直站立时，后躯最后点的铅垂线应该从足爪前部穿过。这样就排除了过直的飞节。由于飞节角度也影响膝关节角度，也排除了过直的膝关节。缺陷：过直的膝关节。

[被毛] 外层披毛直、粗硬且长度略短。底毛浓密、短、平贴身体。腹部、尾巴、后腿的被毛不能太长而出现“刘海”。缺陷：被毛过长或呈波浪状。

[颜色] 驼色、杏色，或许有斑纹。斑纹必须以驼色或杏色为底色，完全被颜色非常深的条纹覆盖。口吻、耳朵和鼻镜应该为深色，颜色越黑越好，眼眶也是类似的颜色，并向上扩展到两眼之间。胸部出现很小的白色碎片是允许的。缺陷：胸部出现太多白色或白色出现在身体其他位置，面具、耳朵、鼻镜缺乏色素。

[步态] 步态显示出力量和强度，后腿提供足够的动力，而前腿步伐平稳、伸展良好。运动中，四肢笔直向前；当速度增加时，就是总散步到小跑，足爪想身体中心线靠拢，以保持平衡。

[气质] 结合了庄严和很好的本质，勇敢而温顺。高贵多于欢快是马士提夫正确的风度。羞怯或凶恶的狗属于缺陷，相反的，在比赛中也要提防用过多奖励哄骗出来的狗。

标准通过日期：1991年11月12日

标准执行日期：1991年12月31日

本文引用地址：http://www.petwe.com/article/2006/0726/article_823.html