Portuguese Water Dog Breed Standard
Working Group

General Appearance
Known for centuries along Portugal's coast, this seafaring breed was prized by fishermen for a spirited, yet obedient nature, and a robust, medium build that allowed for a full day's work in and out of the water. The Portuguese Water Dog is a swimmer and diver of exceptional ability and stamina, who aided his master at sea by retrieving broken nets, herding schools of fish, and carrying messages between boats and to shore. He is a loyal companion and alert guard. This highly intelligent utilitarian breed is distinguished by two coat types, either curly or wavy; an impressive head of considerable breadth and well proportioned mass; a ruggedly built, well-knit body; and a powerful, thickly based tail, carried gallantly or used purposefully as a rudder. The Portuguese Water Dog provides an indelible impression of strength, spirit, and soundness.

Size, Proportion, Substance

Size--Height at the withers--Males, 20 to 23 inches. The ideal is 22 inches. Females, 17 to 21 inches. The ideal is 19 inches. Weight--For males, 42 to 60 pounds; for females, 35 to 50 pounds. Proportion--Off square; slightly longer than tall when measured from prosternum to rearmost point of the buttocks, and from withers to ground. Substance--Strong, substantial bone; well developed, neither refined nor coarse, and a solidly built, muscular body.

Head
An essential characteristic; distinctively large, well proportioned and with exceptional breadth of topskull. Expression--Steady, penetrating, and attentive. Eyes-- Medium in size; set well apart, and a bit obliquely. Roundish and neither prominent nor sunken. Black or various tones of brown in color. Darker eyes are preferred. Eye rims fully pigmented with black edges in black, black and white, or white dogs; brown edges in brown dogs. Haws are dark and not apparent. Ears--Set well above the line of the eye. Leather is heart shaped and thin. Except for a small opening at the back, ears are held nicely against the head. Tips should not reach below the lower jaw.

Skull--In profile, it is slightly longer than the muzzle, its curvature more accentuated at the back than in the front. When viewed head-on, the top of the skull is very broad and appears domed, with a slight depression in the middle. The forehead is prominent, and has a central furrow, extending two-thirds of the distance from stop to occiput. The occiput is well defined. Stop--Well defined. Muzzle--Substantial; wider at the base than at the nose. Jaws--Strong and neither over nor undershot. Nose--Broad, well flared nostrils. Fully pigmented; black in dogs with black, black and white, or white coats; various tones of brown in dogs with brown coats. Lips-- Thick, especially in front; no flew. Lips and mucous membranes of the roof of the mouth, under tongue, and gums are quite black, or well ticked with black in dogs with black, black and white, or white coats; various tones of brown in dogs with brown coats. Bite--Scissors or level. Teeth--Not visible when the mouth is closed. Canines strongly developed.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck--Straight, short, round, and held high. Strongly muscled. No dewlap. Topline--Level and firm. Body--Chest is broad and deep, reaching down to the elbow. Ribs are long and well-sprung to provide optimum lung capacity. Abdomen well held up in a graceful line. Back is broad and well muscled. Loin is short and meets the croup smoothly. Croup is well formed and only slightly inclined with hip bones hardly apparent. Tail--Not docked; thick at the base and tapering; set on slightly below the line of the back; should not reach below the hock. When the dog is attentive the tail is held in a ring, the front of which should not reach forward of the loin. The tail is of great help when swimming and diving.

Forequarters
Shoulders are well inclined and very strongly muscled. Upper arms are strong. Forelegs are strong and straight with long, well muscled forearms. Carpus is heavy-boned, wider in front than at the side. Pasterns are long and strong. Dewclaws may be removed. Feet are round and rather flat. Toes neither knuckled up nor too long. Webbing between the toes is of soft skin, well covered with hair, and reaches the toe tips. Central pad is very thick, others normal. Nails held up slightly off the ground. Black, brown, white, and striped nails are allowed.

Hindquarters
Powerful; well balanced with the front assembly. Legs, viewed from the rear, are parallel to each other, straight and very strongly muscled in upper and lower thighs. Buttocks are well developed. Tendons and hocks are strong. Metatarsus long, no dewclaws. Feet similar in all respects to forefeet.

Coat
A profuse, thickly planted coat of strong, healthy hair, covering the whole body evenly, except where the forearm meets the brisket and in the groin area, where it is thinner. No undercoat, mane or ruff. There are two varieties of coat:

Curly--Compact, cylindrical curls, somewhat lusterless. The hair on the ears is sometimes wavy.

Wavy--Falling gently in waves, not curls, and with a slight sheen.

No preference will be given to coat type, either curly or wavy.

Clip
Two clips are acceptable:

Lion Clip--As soon as the coat grows long, the middle part and hindquarters, as well as the muzzle, are clipped. The hair at the end of the tail is left at full length.

Retriever Clip--In order to give a natural appearance and a smooth unbroken line, the entire coat is scissored or clipped to follow the outline of the dog, leaving a short blanket of coat no longer than one inch in length. The hair at the end of the tail is left at full length.

No discrimination will be made against the correct presentation of a dog in either Lion Clip or Retriever Clip.

Color
Black, white, and various tones of brown; also combinations of black or brown with white. A white coat does not imply albinism provided nose, mouth, and eyelids are black. In animals with black, white, or black and white coats, the skin is decidedly bluish.

Gait
Short, lively steps when walking. The trot is a forward striding, well balanced movement.

Temperament
An animal of spirited disposition, self-willed, brave, and very resistant to fatigue. A dog of exceptional intelligence and a loyal companion, it obeys its master with facility and apparent pleasure. It is obedient with those who look after it or with those for whom it works.

Summary Statement
The Portuguese Water Dog is spirited yet obedient, robust, and of unexaggerated, functional conformation; sure, substantially boned and muscled, and able to do a full day's work in and out of the water.

Faults
Any deviation from the described ideal is a fault. However, those inherent characteristics that are imperative for the maintenance of proper type, and therefore cannot be overlooked, are listed as Major Faults.

Major Faults
1. Temperament--Shy, vicious, or unsound behavior.
2. Head--Unimpressive; small in overall size; narrow in topskull; snipy in muzzle.
3. Substance--Light or refined in bone; lacking in muscle.
4. Coat--Sparse; naturally short, close-lying hair, partially or over all; wispy or wiry in texture; brittle; double-coated.
5. Tail--Other than as described. Extremely low set. Heavy or droopy in action.
6. Pigment--Any deviation from described pigmen- tation; other than black or various tones of brown eye color; pink or partial pigmentation in nose, lips, eyes, or eye rims.
7. Bite--Overshot or undershot.

Approved January 15, 1991
Effective February 27, 1991

 Portuguese Water Dog（葡萄牙水犬）

[简介] 众所周知，葡萄牙拥有漫长的海岸线，而这种水中工作的品种就是渔民培育的，他们英勇、但对大自然顺从，中等结构，可以在水中或陆地全天候工作。葡萄牙水犬是优秀的游泳者和潜水者，具有特殊的才干和毅力，帮助他的主人在海中寻回失落的渔具、驱赶鱼群、在小船间或小船与陆地间传递消息。他是一个忠诚的伴侣和警惕的卫士。这种聪明实用的品种，拥有两种被毛类型，卷曲或呈波浪状，相当宽且比例匀称的头部给人的印象深刻；粗犷、紧密接合的身躯；尾根有力而厚实，尾巴漂亮的举着，用来当舵。力量、热情和稳固是葡萄牙水犬留给人们无法磨灭的印象。

[体型] 尺寸：雄性肩高约20~23英寸，理想肩高为22英寸；雌行肩高约17~21英寸，理想肩高为19英寸。体重：雄性约42~60磅；雌性约35~50磅。比例：矩形，体长（从前胸到臀部最后点）略大于身高（肩高）。体质：结实、坚固的骨骼，非常发达，既不精细也不粗糙，坚固的结构，肌肉发达的身躯。

[头部] 头部具有显著特点；特别大，比例匀称且头顶特别宽。表情：坚定、敏锐而专注。眼睛：中等大小、分的较开，略微倾斜。圆形，既不突出也不凹陷。黑色或不同色调的褐色，颜色越深越好。眼眶色素充足，黑色、黑白两色或白色的狗，眼眶为黑色；褐色狗的眼眶为褐色。瞬膜颜色深，不外露。耳朵：位于眼睛之上，耳廓为心形且薄，除了后面略微张开外，其他部分都贴着头部。耳朵不能延伸到下颚。脑袋：从轮廓上看，比口吻略长，后半部比前半部弯曲的厉害。正面观察时，脑袋非常宽而且呈半球形，中间略凹。前额突出，中间有皱纹，从止部向后枕骨延伸，长度约2/3。后枕骨非常清晰。止部：非常清晰。口吻：坚固，根部比鼻镜端宽。颚部：结实，无上颚突出或下颚突出。鼻镜：宽，鼻孔宽阔。色素充足，黑色、黑白两色或白色的狗，鼻镜为黑色；褐色狗的鼻镜为不同色调的褐色。嘴唇：厚实，尤其是前部，无飘唇。嘴唇及口腔黏膜，如上颚、舌下、牙龈等地方的颜色：黑色、黑白两色或白色的狗，为彻底的黑色或大部分为黑色；褐色狗的为不同色调的褐色。咬和：剪状咬和或钳状咬和。牙齿：当嘴唇闭合时，看不见牙齿。犬齿结实。

[颈部、背线、身躯] 颈部：直、短、圆，且高高昂起。无赘肉。背线：水平而坚固。身躯：胸宽而深，延伸到肘部。肋骨长且扩张良好，给肺部提供足够的容量。腹部上提，形成优美的曲线。背部：宽肌肉发达，腰部短而平稳地与臀部接合。臀部稳固而略倾斜，臀骨几乎不可见。尾巴：不断尾，尾根粗而尖端细，位置略低于背线，不能延伸到飞节。当狗很专著时，尾巴会上卷为环形，但不能延伸到腰部。在游泳和潜水时，尾巴的作用很大。

[前躯] 肩部适度倾斜、肌肉非常发达。前臂有力。前肢强壮、直且长，前臂肌肉非常发达。腕骨的骨量充足，前面比侧面宽。骹骨长而结实。狼爪可以被切除。足爪：圆且宁可平一些。脚趾的既无关节上拱也不太长。脚趾间有蹼，是一层柔软的皮肤，上面覆盖着毛发，延伸到趾甲处。中央脚垫非常厚实，其他脚垫则正常。指甲略微向上，离开地面。黑色、白色、褐色或带斑纹的趾甲都可以接受。

[后躯] 有力；与前躯比例匀称。腿：从后面观察，彼此平行、直，且大腿肌肉非常发达。臀部：发达。脚腕和飞节强壮，跖骨长，无狼爪。足爪的要求与前躯一样。

[被毛] 身体上均匀地覆盖着丰厚、浓密、强壮、健康的毛发，除了前臂与胸部结合处及腹股沟处的毛发稀薄一些。无底毛、鬃毛或围脖。被毛有两种变化。卷毛型：毛发紧密，呈柱状卷曲，略显黯淡，耳朵的毛发有时是波浪状的。波浪型：毛发为向下的波浪状，无卷曲，略有光泽。两种被毛不分优劣，一视同仁。

[修剪] 有两种修剪方式是可以接受的。狮子型：毛发一旦长到一定长度，就将身体中段、后躯及口吻的毛发修剪掉，尾巴末端的毛发保留完整长度。寻回犬型：为了保持自然的面貌和完整平滑的轮廓线，整体都延着狗的身体轮廓线修剪，保持被毛不超过1英寸长。尾巴末端的毛发保留完整长度。按照正确的方法修剪，不论狮子型还是寻回犬型都可以接受，没有区别。

[颜色] 黑色、白色、及不同色调的褐色，或黑色或褐色带有白色。白色被毛的狗，如果鼻镜、嘴、眼圈是黑色的，就不是白化病，可以接受。不论是黑色、白色还是黑白双色的狗，其皮肤都必须是明确的兰灰色。

[步态] 散步时步伐短、活跃。小跑时，步伐迅速，动作平稳。

[气质] 英勇、顽固、勇敢而耐疲劳。异常聪明，是忠实的同伴。乐于服从自己的主人。他对自己照顾的对象和服务对象都很顺从。 [概要] 葡萄牙水犬是一种勇敢、顺从、精力充沛而不夸张的狗，构造实用；可靠，骨量充足，肌肉发达，能全天候在水中或陆地上工作。

[缺陷] 任何背离上面描述的地方都属于缺陷。无论如何，这些特点对维持其正确的类别是不可缺少的。不容忽视。下面列出了一些主要缺陷。

[主要缺陷] 气质：羞怯、凶恶或错误的举止。头部：平淡、整体尺寸小；头顶窄；口吻象被截断。体质：骨量不足或骨骼纤细；缺乏肌肉。被毛：稀少，天生毛发太短，部分或全部毛发平贴身体，毛刷状或刚毛状的被毛质地，毛发脆弱，双层毛。尾巴：除了描述现象外的情况。位置太低。过于粗重或运动时下垂。颜色：任何背离上面描述的颜色；除了黑色或不同色调褐色以外的其他颜色眼睛，粉红色或局部着色的鼻镜、嘴唇、眼圈。咬和:上颚突出式咬和或下颚突出式咬和。

标准通过日期：1991年1月15日

标准执行日期：1991年2月27日

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