Standard Schnauzer Breed Standard
Working Group

General Appearance
The Standard Schnauzer is a robust, heavy-set dog, sturdily built with good muscle and plenty of bone; square-built in proportion of body length to height. His rugged build and dense harsh coat are accentuated by the hallmark of the breed, the arched eyebrows and the bristly mustache and whiskers. Faults--Any deviation that detracts from the Standard Schnauzer's desired general appearance of a robust, active, square-built, wire-coated dog. Any deviation from the specifications in the Standard is to be considered a fault and should be penalized in proportion to the extent of the deviation.

Size, Proportion, Substance

Ideal height at the highest point of the shoulder blades, 18½ to 19½ inches for males and 17½ inches to 18½ inches for females. Dogs measuring over or under these limits must be faulted in proportion to the extent of the deviation. Dogs measuring more than one half inch over or under these limits must be disqualified. The height at the highest point of the withers equals the length from breastbone to point of rump.

Head
Head strong, rectangular, and elongated; narrowing slightly from the ears to the eyes and again to the tip of the nose. The total length of the head is about one half the length of the back measured from the withers to the set-on of the tail. The head matches the sex and substance of the dog. Expression alert, highly intelligent, spirited. Eyes medium size; dark brown; oval in shape and turned forward; neither round nor protruding. The brow is arched and wiry, but vision is not impaired nor eyes hidden by too long an eyebrow.
Ears set high, evenly shaped with moderate thickness of leather and carried erect when cropped. If uncropped, they are of medium size, V-shaped and mobile so that they break at skull level and are carried forward with the inner edge close to the cheek. Faults--Prick, or hound ears.

Skull ( Occiput to Stop ) moderately broad between the ears with the width of the skull not exceeding two thirds the length of the skull. The skull must be flat; neither domed nor bumpy; skin unwrinkled. There is a slight stop which is accentuated by the wiry brows. Muzzle strong, and both parallel and equal in length to the topskull; it ends in a moderately blunt wedge with wiry whiskers accenting the rectangular shape of the head. The topline of the muzzle is parallel with the topline of the skull. Nose is large, black and full. The lips should be black, tight and not overlapping. Cheeks--Well developed chewing muscles, but not so much that "cheekiness" disturbs the rectangular head form.

Bite-A full complement of white teeth, with a strong, sound scissors bite. The canine teeth are strong and well developed with the upper incisors slightly overlapping and engaging the lower. The upper and lower jaws are powerful and neither overshot nor undershot. Faults--A level bite is considered undesirable but a lesser fault than an overshot or undershot mouth.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck strong, of moderate thickness and length, elegantly arched and blending cleanly into the shoulders. The skin is tight, fitting closely to the dry throat with no wrinkles or dewlaps. The topline of the back should not be absolutely horizontal, but should have a slightly descending slope from the first vertebra of the withers to the faintly curved croup and set-on of the tail. Back strong, firm, straight and short. Loin well developed, with the distance from the last rib to the hips as short as possible.

Body compact, strong, short-coupled and substantial so as to permit great flexibility and agility. Faults--Too slender or shelly; too bulky or coarse.

Chest of medium width with well sprung ribs, and if it could be seen in cross section would be oval. The breastbone is plainly discernible. The brisket must descend at least to the elbows and ascend gradually to the rear with the belly moderately drawn up. Fault--Excessive tuck-up. Croup full and slightly rounded. Tail set moderately high and carried erect. It is docked to not less than one inch nor more than two inches. FaultSquirrel tail.

Forequarters
Shoulders-The sloping shoulder blades are strongly muscled, yet flat and well laid back so that the rounded upper ends are in a nearly vertical line above the elbows. They slope well forward to the point where they join the upper arm, forming as nearly as possible a right angle when seen from the side. Such an angulation permits the maximum forward extension of the forelegs without binding or effort. Forelegs straight, vertical, and without any curvature when seen from all sides; set moderately far apart; with heavy bone; elbows set close to the body and pointing directly to the rear. Dewclaws on the forelegs may be removed. Feet small and compact, round with thick pads and strong black nails. The toes are well closed and arched (cat's paws) and pointing straight ahead.

Hindquarters
Strongly muscled, in balance with the forequarters, never appearing higher than the shoulders. Thighs broad with well bent stifles. The second thigh, from knee to hock, is approximately parallel with an extension of the upper neck line. The legs, from the clearly defined hock joint to the feet, are short and perpendicular to the ground and, when viewed from the rear, are parallel to each other. Dewclaws, if any, on the hind legs are generally removed. Feet as in front.

Coat
Tight, hard, wiry and as thick as possible, composed of a soft, close undercoat and a harsh outer coat which, when seen against the grain, stands up off the back, lying neither smooth nor flat. The outer coat (body coat) is trimmed (by plucking) only to accent the body outline.

As coat texture is of the greatest importance, a dog may be considered in show coat with back hair measuring from 3/4 to 2 inches in length. Coat on the ears, head, neck, chest, belly and under the tail may be closely trimmed to give the desired typical appearance of the breed. On the muzzle and over the eyes the coat lengthens to form the beard and eyebrows; the hair on the legs is longer than that on the body. These "furnishings" should be of harsh texture and should not be so profuse as to detract from the neat appearance or working capabilities of the dog. Faults--Soft, smooth, curly, wavy or shaggy; too long or too short; too sparse or lacking undercoat; excessive furnishings; lack of furnishings.

Color
Pepper and salt or pure black.

Pepper and Salt-The typical pepper and salt color of the topcoat results from the combination of black and white hairs, and white hairs banded with black. Acceptable are all shades of pepper and salt and dark iron gray to silver gray. Ideally, pepper and salt Standard Schnauzers have a gray undercoat, but a tan or fawn undercoat is not to be penalized. It is desirable to have a darker facial mask that harmonizes with the particular shade of coat color. Also, in pepper and salt dogs, the pepper and salt mixture may fade out to light gray or silver white in the eyebrows, whiskers, cheeks, under throat, across chest, under tail, leg furnishings, under body, and inside legs.

Black-Ideally the black Standard Schnauzer should be a true rich color, free from any fading or discoloration or any admixture of gray or tan hairs. The undercoat should also be solid black. However, increased age or continued exposure to the sun may cause a certain amount of fading and burning. A small white smudge on the chest is not a fault. Loss of color as a result of scars from cuts and bites is not a fault.

Faults-Any colors other than specified, and any shadings or mixtures thereof in the topcoat such as rust, brown, red, yellow or tan; absence of peppering; spotting or striping; a black streak down the back; or a black saddle without typical salt and pepper coloring-and gray hairs in the coat of a black; in blacks, any undercoat color other than black.

Gait
Sound, strong, quick, free, true and level gait with powerful, well angulated hindquarters that reach out and cover ground. The forelegs reach out in a stride balancing that of the hindquarters. At a trot, the back remains firm and level, without swaying, rolling or roaching. When viewed from the rear, the feet, though they may appear to travel close when trotting, must not cross or strike. Increased speed causes feet to converge toward the center line of gravity.

Faults-Crabbing or weaving; paddling, rolling, swaying; short, choppy, stiff, stilted rear action; front legs that throw out or in (East and West movers); hackney gait, crossing over, or striking in front or rear.

Temperament
The Standard Schnauzer has highly developed senses, intelligence, aptitude for training, fearlessness, endurance and resistance against weather and illness. His nature combines high-spirited temperament with extreme reliability.

Faults--In weighing the seriousness of a fault, greatest consideration should be given to deviation from the desired alert, highly intelligent, spirited, reliable character of the Standard Schnauzer. Dogs that are shy or appear to be highly nervous should be seriously faulted and dismissed from the ring. Vicious dogs shall be disqualified.

Disqualifications
Males under 18 inches or over 20 inches in height. Females under 17 inches or over 19 inches in height.
Vicious dogs.

Approved February 9, 1991
Effective March 27, 1991

 Standard Schnauzer(标准雪纳瑞)

[简介] 标准雪纳瑞是一种精力充沛、体格魁梧的狗，发达的肌肉和充足的骨量构成了他坚强的体格；他的身高与体长的比例呈正方形。被毛浓密、粗硬且粗糙不平是这一品种非常重要的特点，他还长有弯弯的眉毛和刚毛的胡须。缺陷:任何背离上述标准（精力充沛、活泼、正方形比例、刚毛）的现象都属于缺陷，在比赛中，将根据背离上述标准的程度进行扣分。

[体型] 理想的身高是公狗肩高约18.5~19.5英寸、母狗肩高约17.5~18.5英寸。任何背离这一范围的现象都属于缺陷，如果肩高超出或不到这一范围，而且超过1英寸，就被视为失格。肩高与体长相等。

[头部] 头部结实、呈矩形、而且很长；从耳朵开始经过眼睛到鼻镜，略略变窄。整个头部的长度大约为后背长度（从马肩隆到尾根处）的一半。头部应该显得与性别及整个体型相称。表情警觉、智商很高、勇敢。眼睛：中等大小的眼睛；深褐色；卵形，而且方向是向前的；既不能呈圆形、也不能突出。眉毛弯弯的，而且是刚毛，但眉毛不能太长，以至于影响视力或遮住眼睛。耳朵位置高，发育良好，中等厚度，如果剪耳，耳朵应该竖立。如果未剪耳，应该是中等大小的耳朵，呈V字形，向前折叠，内侧边缘靠近面颊。缺陷：立耳或垂耳都属于缺陷。脑袋（从后枕骨到止部）宽度（两耳朵之间）适中，不超过整个脑袋长度的三分之二。脑袋平坦；既不圆、也不显得不平整；头皮平整。止部轻微而刚毛的眉毛非常夸张。口吻结实，与脑袋平行而且长度与脑袋一致；口吻末端呈钝楔形，有夸张的刚毛胡须，使整个头部呈矩形外观。口吻的轮廓线与脑袋的轮廓线平行。鼻镜大，黑色而且丰满。嘴唇黑色，紧。面颊部咬合肌发达，但不能太夸张以至于变成“厚脸皮”，而破坏了矩形头部的整体外观。咬合：一口完整的白牙齿，坚固而完美的剪状咬合。上下颚有力，不能是上颚突出式咬合或下颚突出式咬合。缺陷：钳状咬合在比赛中属于缺陷，但与上颚突出式咬合或下颚突出式咬合相比，缺陷的程度轻一些。

[颈部、背线、身躯] 颈部结实，中等粗细和长度，呈优雅的弧线形，与肩部结合简洁。皮肤紧凑，恰倒好处的包裹着喉咙，既没有褶皱，也没有赘肉。背线不是绝对水平，而是从马肩隆处的第一节脊椎开始，到臀部（尾根处）略微向下倾，并略呈弧形。背部结实、坚固，直而短。腰部发育良好，从最后一根肋骨到臀部的距离尽可能短。身躯紧凑，结实，结合简短且坚固，拥有足够的适应性和敏捷度。缺陷：过于苗条或笨重；身躯过大或粗糙。胸部宽度适中，肋骨扩张良好，如果观察横断面，应该呈卵形。胸骨明显可辨。胸部的深度为最低的位置与肘部齐平，从胃部向后，逐渐向上收。缺陷：过度上收。臀部丰满、略圆。尾巴:尾根位置稍高，向上竖立。需要断尾，保留的长度应该在1~2英寸之间。缺陷：松鼠尾。 [前躯] 肩部：肩胛骨倾斜且肌肉发达，所以肩膀平坦，而且肩胛骨圆形的顶端正好与肘部处在同一垂直线上。肩胛骨向前倾斜的一端与前肢结合，从侧面观察，应该尽可能是直角。这样的角度可以使前肢得到最大的伸展性，而不受任何牵制。前肢笔直，垂直于地面，从任何角度观察，都没有弯曲的现象；两腿湿度分开；骨量充足；肘部紧贴身体，肘尖指向后面。前肢的狼爪可以被切除。足爪小、紧凑且圆，脚垫厚实，黑色的指甲非常结实。脚趾紧密、略呈拱形（猫足），趾尖笔直向前。

[后躯] 肌肉非常发达，与前肢保持恰当比例，绝对不能比肩部更高。大腿粗壮，后膝关节角度合适。第二节大腿，从膝盖到飞节这一段，与颈部的延长线平行。脚腕，从飞节到足爪这一部分，短，而且与地面完全垂直，而且从后面观察，彼此平行。狼爪，如果后肢上有狼爪，一般都会切除。足爪与前肢相同。

[被毛] 紧密、粗硬、刚毛而且尽可能浓密，柔软而紧密的底毛，粗糙的披毛，按毛发纹理逆向观察，毛发向后方生长，既不光滑也不平坦。披毛（身躯上的毛发）经过修剪（很明显），但只突出了身体的轮廓。被毛的质地是最重要的特征，在比赛中，狗后背上的毛发长度在3/4到2英寸最为理想。耳朵、头部、颈部、胸部、腹部和尾巴下面的毛发都需要修剪，以突出这一品种的特点。口吻和眼睛上面的毛发比较长一些，形成眉毛和胡须；腿上的毛发比身躯上的要长一些。这些“修饰”使毛发看起来质地粗糙，但不能太夸张，以至影响其工作犬整洁优雅的整体外观。缺陷：被毛柔软、光滑、卷曲、稀疏或蓬松；太长或太短；底毛稀疏或缺少底毛；过分修饰；缺乏修饰。

[颜色] 椒盐色或纯黑色。椒盐色：典型的椒盐色是混合了黑色和白色毛发，及白色镶黑色的毛发，不同深浅的椒盐色及铁灰色及灰银色。理想的情况是，椒盐色标准雪纳瑞拥有灰色底毛，但褐色底毛或驼色底毛也可以接受。在与身体上颜色协调的前提下，面部的“面具”颜色越深越好。椒盐色的狗，其椒盐色毛发在眉毛、胡须、面颊、喉咙下面、胸部、尾巴下面、腿下部、身体下面和腿的内侧，会淡出至浅灰色或银白色。黑色：理想的黑色标准雪纳瑞是真正的纯色，没有任何褪色、变色、混合了灰色或褐色。当然，底毛也是纯黑色。但是，年老或长期日晒，肯定会造成严重褪色。在胸前有小快白色污迹不算缺陷。被割伤或咬伤留下的疤痕而引起的褪色不属于缺陷。缺陷：除了指定颜色以外的任何颜色，如椒盐色混合了铁锈色、棕色、红色、黄色和褐色；缺乏胡椒色；斑点或条纹；背上有黑色条纹；在黑色鞍状部分没有椒盐色毛发或黑色的雪纳瑞有灰色毛发；黑色雪纳瑞有其他颜色底毛。

[步态] 完美、有力、敏捷、大方、正确且标准的步态是由于后腿有力而且后腿角度合理，能很好的产生驱动力。前肢伸展的幅度与后腿保持平衡。在小跑时，后体坚固而水平，没有摇摆、起伏或拱起。从后面观察，虽然在小跑中，足爪可能会向内靠，但决不能相碰或交叉。加速时，足爪可能会向身体的中心线靠。缺陷：侧行或迂回前进；划奖步，起伏、摇摆；无力、晃动、僵硬、做作的臀部动作；前肢向内或向外翻；马步，从后面观察有交叉或相碰。

[气质] 标准雪纳瑞具有极高的智商，聪明、乐于接受训练，勇敢，对气候和疾病有很强的忍耐力和抵御力。他天性合群，非常英勇而且极度忠诚。缺陷：对缺陷需要认真对待，任何背离上述原则（高智商、英勇、可靠）的标准雪纳瑞，例如害羞或非常神经质都属于严重缺陷，并需要淘汰。特别恶劣的属于失格。

[失格] 公狗肩高低于18英寸或高于20英寸。母狗肩高低于17英寸或高于19英寸。品质非常恶劣的狗。

标准通过日期：1991年2月9日

标准执行日期：1991年3月27日

原作： 酋长

来源： 转译自AKC

本文引用地址：http://www.petwe.com/article/2006/0726/article_831.html