Chihuahua Breed Standard
Toy Group

General Appearance
A graceful, alert, swift-moving little dog with saucy expression, compact, and with terrier-like qualities of temperament.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Weight - A well balanced little dog not to exceed 6 pounds. Proportion - The body is off-square; hence, slightly longer when measured from point of shoulder to point of buttocks, than height at the withers. Somewhat shorter bodies are preferred in males. Disqualification - Any dog over 6 pounds in weight.

Head
A well rounded "apple dome" skull, with or without molera. Expression - Saucy. Eyes - Full, but not protruding, balanced, set well apart-luminous dark or luminous ruby. (Light eyes in blond or white-colored dogs permissible.) Ears - Large, erect type ears, held more upright when alert, but flaring to the sides at a 45 degree angle when in repose, giving breadth between the ears. Muzzle - Moderately short, slightly pointed. Cheeks and jaws lean. Nose - Self-colored in blond types, or black. In moles, blues, and chocolates, they are self-colored. In blond types, pink nose permissible. Bite - Level or scissors. Overshot or undershot bite, or any distortion of the bite or jaw, should be penalized as a serious fault. Disqualifications - Broken down or cropped ears.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck - Slightly arched, gracefully sloping into lean shoulders. Topline - Level. Body - Ribs rounded and well sprung (but not too much "barrel-shaped"). Tail - Moderately long, carried sickle either up or out, or in a loop over the back, with tip just touching the back. (Never tucked between legs.) Disqualifications - Cropped tail, bobtail.

Forequarters
Shoulders - Lean, sloping into a slightly broadening support above straight forelegs that set well under, giving a free play at the elbows. Shoulders should be well up, giving balance and soundness, sloping into a level back. (Never down or low.) This gives a chestiness, and strength of forequarters, yet not of the "Bulldog" chest. Feet - A small, dainty foot with toes well split up but not spread, pads cushioned. (Neither the hare nor the cat foot.) Pasterns - Fine.

Hindquarters

Muscular, with hocks well apart, neither out nor in, well let down, firm and sturdy. The feet are as in front.

Coat
In the Smooth Coats, the coat should be of soft texture, close and glossy. (Heavier coats with undercoats permissible.) Coat placed well over body with ruff on neck preferred, and more scanty on head and ears. Hair on tail preferred furry. In Long Coats, the coat should be of a soft texture, either flat or slightly curly, with undercoat preferred. Ears - Fringed. (Heavily fringed ears may be tipped slightly if due to the fringes and not to weak ear leather, never down.) Tail - Full and long (as a plume). Feathering on feet and legs, pants on hind legs and large ruff on the neck desired and preferred. Disqualification - In Long Coats, too thin coat that resembles bareness.

Color
Any color-Solid, marked or splashed.

Gait
The Chihuahua should move swiftly with a firm, sturdy action, with good reach in front equal to the drive from the rear. From the rear, the hocks remain parallel to each other, and the foot fall of the rear legs follows directly behind that of the forelegs. The legs, both front and rear, will tend to converge slightly toward a central line of gravity as speed increases. The side view shows good, strong drive in the rear and plenty of reach in the front, with head carried high. The topline should remain firm and the backline level as the dog moves.

Temperament
Alert, with terrier-like qualities.

Disqualifications
Any dog over 6 pounds in weight.
Broken down or cropped ears.
Cropped tail, bobtail.
In Long Coats, too thin coat that resembles bareness.

Approved September 11, 1990
Effective October 30, 1990 

 

 [历史] 吉娃娃从墨西哥传到美国后到1898年的历史至今不清。有人确定此犬原产于南美，初期被印加族人视为神圣的犬种，后来传到阿斯提克族。也有人认为此犬是随西班牙的侵略者到达新世界的品种，或者在19世纪初期，从中国传入的。总之，吉娃娃犬的确切来源众说不一。这些想象中的根据来自托尔提克族时代的修道院之雕像以及在墨西哥发掘的小型犬骨骸。根据中国冠章上的犬像，则认为此犬来自遥远的亚洲。以上各种判断，可以说明此犬绝非源自一种品种，而是自古以来就是由多种品种交配而来的。

[简介] 吉娃娃属小型犬种里最小型,优雅，警惕，动作迅速，以匀称的体格和娇小的体型广受人们的喜爱。吉娃娃犬不仅是可爱的小型玩具犬，同时也具备大型犬的狩猎与防范本能，具有类似梗类犬的气质。此犬分为长毛种和短毛种。这种狗体型娇小,对其他狗不胆怯,对主人极有独占心.短毛种和长毛种不同之处在于富有光泽,贴身,柔顺的短被毛.长毛种的吉娃娃除了背毛丰厚外,像短毛种一样具有发抖的倾向,不要认为是感冒

[体型] 重量最好不超过6磅。身体的比例为长方形；所以从肩到臀的长度略大于肩高。雄性的身体稍短一些比较理想。体重超过6磅既为失格。

[头部] 最好是圆形的"苹果形"脑袋。表情漂亮。眼睛很大而不突出，匀称，最好呈现明亮的黑色或红色（淡黄色或白色的狗允许有白色眼睛）。耳朵大，立耳，在警觉时更保持直立，但是休息时，耳朵会分开，两耳之间呈45度角。口吻较短，略尖。黑色、兰色和巧克力色的品种，鼻子颜色都与自己的体色一致。淡黄色的品种允许有粉色鼻子。剪状咬合或钳状咬合。上颚突出或下颌突出是严重的缺陷。剪耳将被取消比赛资格。

[颈部，背线，身躯] 颈部略有弧度，完美地与肩结合。背线水平。浑圆的肋骨支撑起胸腔，使身体结实有力（但不能形成桶状胸）。尾巴长短适中，呈镰刀状高举或向外，或者卷在背上，尾尖刚好触到后背（决不能夹在两腿间）。短尾或断尾属于失格。

[前肢] 肩窄，向下渐渐变宽，前腿直，使肘部活动不受约束。肩应该向上，平衡且坚固，向背部倾斜（肩不能向下或太低）。宽胸和健壮的前半身，但决不能象"斗牛犬"的胸。足纤细，脚趾在秀丽的小脚上恰倒好处分开，但不能分的太开，脚垫厚实（不能象兔足或猫足）。脚腕纤细。

[后肢] 肌肉强健，距离适当，不太靠里或太靠外，向下看，强壮且坚固。足同前肢。

[被毛] 短毛型的被毛质地非常柔软，紧密和光滑（毛量足够大时允许有底毛）。被毛覆盖犬身并有毛领尾佳，且头部和耳朵上被毛稀疏。尾巴上的毛发类似皮毛。长毛型被毛质地柔软，平整或略曲，最好有底毛。耳朵边缘有饰毛（如果耳朵比较薄，而饰毛比较多，耳朵可能会略下前倾，但决不能向下）。尾巴丰满且长（羽状毛）。理想情况是：脚和腿上有饰毛、后退有短裤、脖子上有毛领。长毛型失格：被毛稀疏，近乎赤裸。

[颜色] 任何颜色，斑块或斑点。 [步态] 吉娃娃动作迅速、坚定，具有很强的后躯驱动力。从后面看，后腿间始终保持相互平行，后脚落脚点始终紧跟前脚。前后腿都倾向于向重力中心线略靠，使速度加快。从侧面看，前躯导向配合后躯驱动，昂首阔步。行动中，背线保持水平、稳定。 文雅而且不费力，前肢舒展、结实，后躯推动力强。从侧面看时，步幅恰当，从正面和后面看时，行走呈直线，这是因为具有健全的骨骼及肌肉的原因。 [性格] 警惕，类似梗类犬的气质。

[失格] 体重超过6磅；耳朵不能竖立或剪耳；短尾或剪尾；长毛型被毛稀疏，近乎赤裸。

标准通过日期：1990年9月11日

标准执行日期：1990年10月30日

原作： 酋长

来源： 转译自AKC

本文引用地址：http://www.petwe.com/article/2006/0726/article_857.html

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