Havanese Breed Standard
Toy Group

General Appearance
The Havanese is a small sturdy dog of immense charm. He is slightly longer than tall, and covered with a profuse mantle of untrimmed long, silky, wavy hair. His plumed tail is carried loosely curled over his rump. A native of Cuba, he has evolved over the centuries from the pampered lap-dog of the aristocracy into what he is today - the quintessential family pet of a people living on a small tropical island. His duties traditionally have been those of companion, watchdog, child's playmate and herder of the family poultry flock. His presentation in the show ring should reflect his function - always in excellent condition but never so elaborately coifed as to preclude an impromptu romp in the leaves, as his character is essentially playful rather than decorative.

While historically always a toy dog and therefore never overly large or coarse, he does not appear so fragile as to make him unsuitable as a child's pet. His unique coat reflects centuries in the tropics, and protects against heat. It is remarkably soft and light in texture, profuse without being harsh or woolly. Likewise, the furnishings of the head are believed to protect the eyes from the harsh tropical sun, and have traditionally never been gathered in a topknot for this reason.

In both structure and gait, the Havanese is not easily mistaken for any other breed. His characteristic topline, rising slightly from withers to rump is a result of moderate angulation both fore and aft combined with a typically short upper arm. The resulting springy gait is flashy rather than far-reaching and unique to the breed. The overall impression of the dog on the move is one of agility rather than excessive ability to cover ground. These characteristics of temperament, structure and gait contribute in large part to the character of the breed, and are essential to type.

Size, Proportion and Substance
The height range is from 8½ to 11½ inches, with the ideal being between 9 and 10½ inches, measured at the withers, and is slightly less than the length from point of shoulder to point of buttocks, creating a rectangular outline rather than a square one. The Havanese is a sturdy little dog, and should never appear fragile. A coarse dog with excessive bone is likewise contrary to type and therefore equally undesirable. The minimum height ranges set forth in the description above shall not apply to dogs and bitches under twelve months of age. Disqualification: Height at withers under 8½ inches or over 11½ inches, except that the minimum height ranges set forth in the description above shall not apply to dogs or bitches under twelve months of age.

Head
The expression is soft and intelligent, mischievous rather than cute. The eyes are dark brown, large, almond-shaped, and set rather widely apart. Dark eyes are preferred irrespective of coat color, although the chocolate colored dog may have somewhat lighter eyes. The pigment on the eyerims is complete, solid black for all colors except for the chocolate dog which has complete solid, dark chocolate pigment. No other dilution of pigment is acceptable. Ears are of medium length; the leather, when extended, reaches halfway to the nose. They are set high on the skull, slightly above the endpoint of the zygomatic arch, and are broad at the base, showing a distinct fold. When the dog is alert, the ears lift at the base, producing an unbroken shallow arc from the outer edge of each ear across the backskull. The backskull is broad and slightly rounded. The stop is moderate. Length of muzzle is slightly less than length of back skull measured from stop to point of occiput and the planes are level. The nose is broad and squarish, fitting a full and rectangular muzzle, with no indication of snipiness. The pigment on the nose and lips is complete, solid black for all colors except for the chocolate dog which has complete solid, dark chocolate brown pigment. No other dilution of pigment is acceptable. A scissors bite is ideal. Full complement of incisors preferred. Disqualifications: Complete absence of black (or chocolate in the chocolate dog) pigmentation on the eyerims, nose or lips.

Neck, Topline, and Body
The neck is of moderate length, in balance with the height and length of the dog. It carries a slight arch and blends smoothly into the shoulders. The topline is straight but not level, rising slightly from withers to rump. There is no indication of a roach back. The body, measured from point of shoulder to point of buttocks, is slightly longer than the height at the withers. This length comes from the ribcage and not from the short, well-muscled loin. The chest is deep, rather broad in front, and reaches the elbow. The ribs are well sprung. There is a moderate tuck-up. The tail is high-set and plumed with long, silky hair. It arcs forward over the back, but neither lies flat on the back nor is tightly curled. On the move the tail is carried loosely curled over the rump. The long plume of the hair may fall straight forward or to either side of the body. The tail may not be docked.

Forequarters
Shoulder layback is moderate, lying not more than 40 degrees off vertical. Extreme shoulder layback will negatively affect proper gait, and should be faulted. The tops of the shoulder blades lie in at the withers, allowing the neck to merge smoothly into the back. The upper arm is relatively short, but there is sufficient angle between the shoulder and upper arm to set the legs well under the body with a pronounced forechest. The elbows turn neither in nor out, and are tight to the body. Forelegs are well-boned and straight when viewed from any angle. The distance from the foot to the elbow is equal to the distance from elbow to withers. The pasterns are short, strong and flexible, very slightly sloping. Dewclaws may be removed. The feet are round, with well arched toes, and turn neither in nor out. Pads and nails may be black, white, pink, or a combination of these colors. Chocolate dogs may also have brown pads and nails.

Hindquarters
The hind legs are well-boned and muscular through the thigh, with moderate angulation. The hocks are short and turn neither in nor out. In normal stance, the hind legs are parallel to each other from hock to heel and all the joints are in line when viewed from the rear. The rear assembly, in which the rump is slightly higher than the withers, contributes to the breed's unique, springy gait. Dewclaws should be removed. The hind feet fall slightly behind a perpendicular line from point of buttock when viewed from the side. Hind feet have well arched toes and turn neither in nor out. Pads and nails may be black, white, pink or a combination of these colors. Chocolate dogs may also have brown pads and nails.

Coat
The coat is double, but without the harsh standoff guard hair and woolly undercoat usually associated with double coats. Rather, it is soft and light in texture throughout, though the outer coat carries slightly more weight. The long hair is abundant and, ideally, wavy. An ideal coat will not be so profuse nor overly long as to obscure the natural lines of the dog. Puppies may have a shorter coat. A single, flat coat or an excessively curly coat are equally contrary to type and should be faulted. Disqualifications: A coarse, wiry coat. An atypical short coat on an adult dog (atypical would be smooth, flat coat with, or without furnishings.)

Color
All colors are acceptable, singly or in any combination. No preference is given to one color over another. The skin may be freckled or parti-colored.

Gait
The Havanese gait is lively, elegant, resilient, and unique, contributing greatly to the breed's overall essential typiness. The characteristic "spring" is caused by the strong rear drive combined with a "flashy" front action effected by the short upper arm. While a truly typey dog is incapable of exaggerated reach and drive, the action does not appear stilted or hackneyed. The slightly higher rear may cause a correctly built specimen to show a flash of pad coming and going. The front legs reach forwardfreely. There is good extension in the rear and no tendency toward sickle hocks. The topline holds under movement, neither flattening nor roaching. Head carriage is typically high, even on the move.

Temperament
Playful and alert. The Havanese is both trainable and intelligent with a sweet, non-quarrelsome disposition.

Presentation
The dog should be shown as naturally as is consistent with good grooming. He may be shown either brushed or corded. His coat should be clean and well conditioned. In mature specimens, the length of the coat may cause it to fall to either side down the back but it should not appear to be artificially parted. The long, untrimmed head furnishings may fall forward over the eyes, naturally and gracefully to either side of the skull, or be held in two small braids beginning above the outer corner of the eyes, secured with plain elastic bands. (No ribbons or bows are permitted.) Corded coats will naturally separate into wavy sections in young dogs and will in time develop into cords. Adult corded dogs will be completely covered with a full coat of tassle-like cords. In either coat, minimal trimming of the hair at the inside corner of the eye is allowed for hygienic purposes only, not an attempt to resculpt the planes of the head. Minimal trimming around the anal and genital areas, for hygienic purposes only, is permissible but should not be noticeable on presentation. The hair on the feet and between the pads should be neatly trimmed for the express purpose of a tidy presentation. Any other trimming or sculpting of the coat is to be severely penalized as to preclude placement. Because correct gait is essential to breed type, the Havanese is presented at natural speed on a loose lead.

Faults
The foregoing description is that of the ideal Havanese. Any deviation from the above described dog must be penalized to the extent of the deviation keeping in mind the importance of the contribution of the various features toward the "original purpose of the breed."

Disqualification
Height at withers under 8½ or over 11½ inches except that the minimum height range shall not apply to dogs or bitches under twelve months of age.
Complete absence of black ( or chocolate in the chocolate dog) pigmentation on the eyerims, nose or lips.
Coarse, wiry coat.
An atypical short coat on an adult. (Atypical refers to a smooth, flat coat with, or without furnishings.)

Approved: May 7, 2001
Effective: June 27, 2001

 

Havanese(哈威那)

[简介] 哈威那是一种强壮、安详的短腿小狗，有着不太整齐的被毛。羽毛状的尾巴翻卷在背后。他是一种充满感情的快乐小狗，步态活泼轻快。

[体型] 身高范围从8~11英寸，9~10英寸身高是最理想的。体重范围从7~13磅，体重8~11磅是最理想的。任何体重超出范围的狗都属于有严重缺陷，任何身高超出8~11英寸范围的狗都属于失格。身体长度（自胸至臀）略大于肩高，看起来不应该是正方形的。前腿和后腿都比较短，但其长度能够使狗有一定的高度而不显得贴着地面。哈威那是一种强壮的狗，属于小体型品种，但不显得过分也不显得脆弱。

[头部] 与身体的成中等比例。眼睛非常大，呈杏仁状，颜色非常深，表情温和。兰色和银白色被毛的狗，眼睛颜色可能略淡；巧克力色被毛的狗，眼睛颜色可能是浅色；不过，深色眼睛是最理想的。除了巧克力色外，其他颜色的狗眼圈都是黑色的，巧克力色的狗眼圈颜色与被毛一致。缺点：小而圆的眼睛，眼圈不完整或色素不足。野，突出的眼睛属于严重缺陷。所有在一个或两个眼圈部发生色素不足的狗，都属于失格。耳朵位置既不太高，也不太低且向下折，构成一个柔和的皱摺，而且耳朵上长满长长的饰毛。他们略翘，适度突出，但既不向外翻飞，也不紧贴面颊。脑袋宽阔且稍稍有点圆，止部适中。面颊平坦，嘴唇干净。口吻长度等于止部到后脑壳的距离。口吻既不粗也不钝。除了巧克力色的狗，其他各种颜色的狗的鼻镜和嘴唇是深黑色，巧克力色的狗，鼻镜和嘴唇呈巧克力般的深褐色。失格：达德利鼻，除了巧克力色的狗，鼻子和嘴唇出现黑色以外的颜色。咬合：剪状咬合最理想，钳状咬合也可以接受，上下牙床的牙齿都很完整是最理想的。弯曲的牙齿或缺齿属于有缺陷，上突式咬合、下突式咬合和歪嘴，属于严重缺陷。

[颈部，背线，身躯] 中等长度的颈部，既不太长也不太短。背线直，靠臀部微微上提。侧腹适当突起。肋骨圆。尾根高，卷在背后，长有长长的、柔软的丝状饰毛。直立不动时，允许尾巴下垂。

[前躯] 前腿骨骼强壮且笔直，从肘到肩的高度等于从脚到肘的高度。狼爪可能已被切除。足爪紧凑，适度穹拱，适度紧密。任何足爪内转或外转都属于缺陷。

[后躯] 后腿比较短，骨骼和肌肉强壮，角度适中；从后面看，后躯笔直。狼爪可能已经切除。足爪与前肢相同。缺点与前肢同。 [被毛] 哈威那属于有两层被毛的品种，具有同样柔软的底毛和披毛。毛发很长，很丰厚，显得十分自然。被毛的类型包括从直毛到卷毛都可以，波浪状被毛是最理想的。卷毛允许扎起来。成犬的被毛长约6~8英寸。被毛过长过厚也不是最理想。当然，除了小狗，被毛短都属于有缺陷。把头上的被毛在两眼上面分别编扎起来是可以的，但不能将背上的毛发从中间分开，向两边梳理。头部的毛发不允许修剪，也不允许任何形式的修剪、修整被毛，除了脚底毛可以修剪，以避免变成“船形足”或“拖鞋脚”。除了修剪 脚底毛，修剪其他地方的被毛都属于失格。

[颜色] 所有颜色，包括从纯白到奶油色，香槟色，金黄色，黑色，兰色，银色，巧克力色或任何上述几种颜色的组合（双色组合或三色组合）。单色并不比其他颜色更好。

[步态] 步态独特且具有强调哈威那快乐的气质的“轻快”步伐。前肢直、肩部不受拘束，而后躯驱动力强，使其行动呈直线。行走中尾巴翻卷在背上。骑马姿势、划奖姿势，移动中后部太靠近，尾巴没有翻卷在背上，都属于缺陷。 充满感情，快乐。

[失格] 所有小于8 1/2英寸或大于11 1/2英寸的狗。所有在眼圈部位缺乏色素的狗。达德利鼻，除了巧克力色的狗，其嘴唇和鼻镜颜色应该是与体毛颜色一直的深褐色外，其他任何鼻镜和嘴唇不是黑色的狗，以及修剪了除脚底毛以外任何部位被毛的狗，都属于失格。

标准通过日期：1995年6月

标准执行日期：1996年2月1日

原作： 酋长

来源： 转译自AKC

本文引用地址：http://www.petwe.com/article/2006/0726/article_860.html

责任编辑：