Pomeranian Breed Standard
Toy Group

General Appearance
The Pomeranian is a compact, short-backed, active toy dog. He has a soft, dense undercoat with a profuse harsh-textured outer coat. His heavily plumed tail is set high and lies flat on his back. He is alert in character, exhibits intelligence in expression, is buoyant in deportment, and is inquisitive by nature. The Pomeranian is cocky, commanding, and animated as he gaits. He is sound in composition and action.

Size, Proportion, Substance

The average weight of the Pomeranian is from 3 to 7 pounds, with the ideal weight for the show specimen being 4 to 6 pounds. Any dog over or under the limits is objectionable. However, overall quality is to be favored over size. The distance from the point of shoulder to the point of buttocks is slightly shorter than from the highest point of the withers to the ground. the distance from the brisket to the ground is half the height at the withers. He is medium-boned, and the length of his legs is in proportion to a well-balanced frame. When examined, he feels sturdy.

Head
The head is in balance with the body. The muzzle is rather short, straight, fine, free of lippiness and never snipey. His expression is alert and may be referred to as fox-like. The skull is closed. The top of the skull is slightly rounded, but not domed. When viewed from the front and side, one sees small ears which are mounted high and carried erect. To form a wedge, visualize a line from the tip of the nose ascending through the center of the eyes and the tip of the ears. The eyes are dark, bright, medium in size and almond-shaped. They are set well into the skull on either side of a well-pronounced stop. The pigmentation is black on the nose and eye rims except self-colored in brown, beaver, and blue dogs. The teeth meet in a scissors bite. One tooth out of alignment is acceptable. Major Faults: Round, domed skull; under-shot mouth; overshot mouth.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is short with its base set well into the shoulders to allow the head to be carried high. The back is short with a level topline. The body is compact and well-ribbed with brisket reaching the elbow. The plumed tail is one of the characteristics of the breed, and lies flat and straight on the back.

Forequarters
The Pomeranian has sufficient layback of shoulders to carry the neck and head proud and high. The shoulders and legs are moderately muscled. The length of the shoulder blade and upper arm are equal. The forelegs are straight and parallel to each other. Height from elbows to withers approximately equals height from ground to elbow. The pasterns are straight and strong. The feet are well-arched, compact, and turn neither in nor out. He stands well up on his toes. Dewclaws may be removed. Major Faults: Down in pasterns.

Hindquarters
The angulation of the hindquarters balances that of the forequarters. The buttocks are well behind the set of the tail. The thighs are moderately muscled with stifles that are moderately bent and clearly defined. The hocks are perpendicular to the ground and the legs are straight and parallel to each other. The feet are well-arched, compact, and turn neither in nor out. He stands well up on his toes. Dewclaws, if any on the hind legs may be removed. Major Faults: Cowhocks or lack of soundness in hind legs or stifles.

Gait
The Pomeranian's gait is smooth, free, balanced and vigorous. He has good reach in his forequarters and strong drive with his hindquarters. Each rear leg moves in line with the foreleg on the same side. To achieve balance, his legs converge slightly inward toward a center line beneath his body. The rear and front legs are thrown neither in nor out. The topline remains level, and his overall balance and outline are maintained.

Coat
A Pomeranian is noted for its double coat. The undercoat is soft and dense. The outer-coat is long, straight, glistening and harsh in texture. A thick undercoat will hold up and permit the guard hair to stand off from the Pomeranian's body. The coat is abundant from the neck and fore part of shoulders and chest, forming a frill which extends over the shoulders and chest. The head and leg coat is tightly packed and shorter in length than that of the body. The forequarters are well-feathered to the hock. The tail is profusely covered with long, harsh, spreading straight hair. Trimming for neatness and a clean outline is permissible. Major Faults: Soft, flat or open coat.

Color
All colors, patterns, and variations there-of are allowed and must be judged on an equal basis. Patterns: Black and Tan - tan or rust sharply defined, appearing above each eye and on muzzle, throat, and forechest, on all legs and feet and below the tail. The richer the tan the more desirable; Brindle - the base color is gold, red, or orange-brindled with strong black cross stripes; Parti-color - is white with any other color distributed in patches with a white blaze preferred on the head. Classifications: The Open Classes at specialty shows may be divided by color as follows: Open Red, Orange, Cream, and Sable; Open Black, Brown, and Blue; Open Any Other Color, Pattern, or Variation.

Temperament
The Pomeranian is an extrovert, exhibiting great intelligence and a vivacious spirit, making him a great companion dog as well as a competitive show dog.

Even though a Toy dog, the Pomeranian must be subject to the same requirements of soundness and structure prescribed for all breeds, and any deviation from the ideal described in the standard should be penalized to the extent of the deviation.

Approved December 9, 1996
Effective January 31, 1997

Pomeranian(博美犬)

[简介] 博美是一种紧凑、 短背、 活跃的玩具狗。他拥有柔软、浓密的底毛和粗硬的披毛。尾根位置很高，长有浓密饰毛的尾巴平放在背上。 他具有警惕的性格、 聪明的表情、轻快的举止和好奇的天性。博美的步态骄傲、庄重而且活泼。他的气质和行动都是健康的。

[体型] 博美的体重范围是3~7磅，比赛级博美的理想体重是4~6磅。任何达不到这一体重或超过这一体重的狗都属于不受欢迎的。无论如何，整体质素要比大小更重要。体长（从肩到臀的长度）要略小于肩高，从胸到地面的距离等于肩高的一半。骨量中等，腿的长度与身体结构保持平衡。触摸时，应该感觉他很结实。

[头部] 头部与身体相称，口吻短，直，精致，能自由的张嘴却不显得粗鲁。表情警惕，可以说是有点象狐狸。头骨密合，头盖骨略圆，但不能呈拱形。当从前面或侧面看时，能看见位置很高而且竖立的小耳朵。如果想象有一条线从鼻尖出发穿过两眼中间和耳朵尖，你能发现博美的头部是呈楔状的。眼睛颜色深、明亮、中等大小而且呈杏仁状。它们位于头骨上显著的止部两侧。博美的鼻镜、眼圈呈黑色，除了棕色、河狸色和兰色博美是与其自身毛色相配的颜色。剪状咬合。缺齿一颗是可以接受的。主要缺陷：太圆，呈拱形的头骨；上颚突出；下颚突出。

[颈部、背线、身躯] 颈部短，其与肩结合的位置正好能使头高高昂起。背短，背线水平。身躯紧凑，肋骨扩张良好，胸深与肘部齐平。羽毛状尾巴是这一品种的特征之一，直直地平放在背后。

[前躯] 博美的肩膀足够靠后，使颈部和头能高高昂起。肩膀和腿的肌肉适度发达。肩胛的长度与上臂相等。前腿直而且相互平行。从肘部到马肩隆的长度与从肘部到地面的长度大致相等。腕部直而且结实。足爪呈拱形，紧凑，既不向内也不向外翻。趾甲前伸。可以切除狼爪。主要缺陷：脚腕低。

[后躯] 后腿和臀部与后躯成恰当的角度。臀部在尾巴后面恰当的位置。大腿肌肉适度发达，后膝关节适度倾斜，形成清晰的轮廓。飞节与地面垂直，腿骨直，而且两条后腿相互平行。足爪呈拱形，紧凑，既不向内也不向外翻。趾甲前伸。如果后腿有狼爪，可以切除。主要缺陷：牛肢或后腿或后膝关节缺乏稳定的支撑结构。

[被毛] 博美犬具有双层被毛，底毛柔软而浓密。披毛长、直、光亮而且质地粗硬。厚厚的底毛支撑起外层披毛，使其能竖立在博美的身体上。脖子、肩膀前面和前胸的被毛浓密，在肩和胸前形成装饰。头部和腿部的被毛比身体其他部分的被毛短，紧贴身体。前肢的饰毛延伸到脚腕，尾巴上布满长、粗硬、散开且直的被毛。为了使轮廓清晰整洁而做的修剪是允许的。主要缺陷：被毛软、平、稀。

[颜色] 所有的颜色、图案、变化都可以接受，并一视同仁。图案：褐色和棕色-清晰的棕色或铁锈色斑纹位于眼睛上面、口吻、喉部和前胸、腿和爪子及尾巴后面。棕色多一些比较理想；斑点：基本颜色是金色、红色或橘色斑点，上面不满黑色十字斑纹；颜色搭配：白色加其他颜色斑纹，头部有白筋比较理想。分类：在专业比赛中，把颜色分为几类：红色类包括红色、橘色、奶油色和紫貂色；黑色类包括黑色、褐色和兰色；其他颜色类包括了其他任何颜色和图案或变化。

[步态] 博美的步态流畅、轻松、和谐而且活泼。良好的前躯导向和有力的后躯驱动。每一侧的后腿都与前腿在同一直线上移动。腿略向身体中心线会聚，以达到平衡。前腿和后腿既不向内也不向外翻，背线保持水平而且整体轮廓保持平衡。

[气质] 博美是一种性格外向，非常聪明而且活泼的狗，使其成为非常优秀的伴侣犬，同时也是很有竞争力的比赛犬。

标准通过日期：1996年12月9日

标准执行日期：1997年1月31日

原作： 酋长

来源： 转译自AKC

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