Dalmatian Breed Standard
Non-Sporting Group

General Appearance
The Dalmatian is a distinctively spotted dog; poised and alert; strong, muscular and active; free of shyness; intelligent in expression; symmetrical in outline; and without exaggeration or coarseness. The Dalmatian is capable of great endurance, combined with fair amount of speed. Deviations from the described ideal should be penalized in direct proportion to the degree of the deviation.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Desirable height at the withers is between 19 and 23 inches. Undersize or oversize is a fault. Any dog or bitch over 24 inches at the withers is disqualified.
 

The overall length of the body from the forechest to the buttocks is approximately equal to the height at the withers.

The Dalmatian has good substance and is strong and sturdy in bone, but never coarse.

Head
The head is in balance with the overall dog. It is of fair length and is free of loose skin. The Dalmatian's expression is alert and intelligent, indicating a stable and outgoing temperament.

The eyes are set moderately well apart, are medium sized and somewhat rounded in appearance, and are set well into the skull. Eye color is brown or blue, or any combination thereof; the darker the better and usually darker in black-spotted than in liver-spotted dogs.

Abnormal position of the eyelids or eyelashes (ectropion, entropion, trichiasis) is a major fault.
Incomplete pigmentation of the eye rims is a major fault.

The ears are of moderate size, proportionately wide at the base and gradually tapering to a rounded tip. They are set rather high, and are carried close to the head, and are thin and fine in texture. When the Dalmatian is alert, the top of the ear is level with the top of the skull and the tip of the ear reaches to the bottom line of the cheek.

The top of the skull is flat with a slight vertical furrow and is approximately as wide as it is long. The stop is moderately well defined. The cheeks blend smoothly into a powerful muzzle, the top of which is level and parallel to the top of the skull. The muzzle and the top of the skull are about equal in length.

The nose is completely pigmented on the leather, black in black-spotted dogs and brown in liver-spotted dogs. Incomplete nose pigmentation is a major fault.

The lips are clean and close fitting. The teeth meet in a scissors bite. Overshot or undershot bites are disqualifications.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is nicely arched, fairly long, free from throatiness, and blends smoothly into the shoulders.

The topline is smooth.

The chest is deep, capacious and of moderate width, having good spring of rib without being barrel shaped. The brisket reaches to the elbow. The underline of the rib cage curves gradually into a moderate tuck-up.

The back is level and strong. The loin is short, muscular and slightly arched. The flanks narrow through the loin. The croup is nearly level with the back.

The tail is a natural extension of the topline. It is not inserted too low down. It is strong at the insertion and tapers to the tip, which reaches to the hock. It is never docked. The tail is carried with a slight upward curve but should never curl over the back. Ring tails and low-set tails are faults.

Forequarters
The shoulders are smoothly muscled and well laid back. The upper arm is approximately equal in length to the shoulder blade and joins it at an angle sufficient to insure that the foot falls under the shoulder. The elbows are close to the body. The legs are straight, strong and sturdy in bone. There is a slight angle at the pastern denoting flexibility.

Hindquarters
The hindquarters are powerful, having smooth, yet well defined muscles. The stifle is well bent. The hocks are well let down. When the Dalmatian is standing, the hind legs, viewed from the rear, are parallel to each other from the point of the hock to the heel of the pad. Cowhocks are a major fault.

Feet
Feet are very important. Both front and rear feet are round and compact with thick, elastic pads and well arched toes. Flat feet are a major fault. Toenails are black and/or white in black- spotted dogs and brown and/or white in liver- spotted dogs. Dewclaws may be removed.

Coat
The coat is short, dense, fine and close fitting. It is neither woolly nor silky. It is sleek, glossy and healthy in appearance.

Color and Markings
Color and markings and their overall appearance are very important points to be evaluated.

The ground color is pure white. In black-spotted dogs the spots are dense black. In liver-spotted dogs the spots are liver brown. Any color markings other than black or liver are disqualified.

Spots are round and well-defined, the more distinct the better. They vary from the size of a dime to the size of a half-dollar. They are pleasingly and evenly distributed. The less the spots intermingle the better. Spots are usually smaller on the head, legs and tail than on the body. Ears are preferably spotted.

Tri-color(which occurs rarely in this breed) is a disqualification. It consists of tan markings found on the head, neck, chest, leg or tail of a black- or liver-spotted dog. Bronzing of black spots, and fading and/or darkening of liver spots due to environmental conditions or normal processes of coat change are not tri-coloration.

Patches are a disqualification. A patch is a solid mass of black or liver hair containing no white hair. It is appreciably larger than a normal sized spot. Patches are a dense, brilliant color with sharply defined, smooth edges. Patches are present at birth. Large color masses formed by intermingled or overlapping spots are not patches. Such masses should indicate individual spots by uneven edges and/or white hairs scattered throughout the mass.

Gait
In keeping with the Dalmatian's historical use as a coach dog, gait and endurance are of great importance. Movement is steady and effortless. Balanced angulation fore and aft combined with powerful muscles and good condition produce smooth, efficient action. There is a powerful drive from the rear coordinated with extended reach in the front. The topline remains level. Elbows, hocks and feet turn neither in nor out. As the speed of the trot increases, there is a tendency to single track.

Temperament
Temperament is stable and outgoing, yet dignified. Shyness is a major fault.

Scale of Points

General Appearance	5
Size, proportion, substance	10
Head	10
Neck, topline, body	10
Forequarters	5
Hindquarters	5
Feet	5
Coat	5
Color and markings	25
Gait	10
Temperament	10
Total	100

Disqualifications
Any dog or bitch over 24 inches at the withers
Overshot or undershot bite.
Any color markings other than black or liver.
Tri-color
Patches

Approved July 11, 1989
Effective September 6, 1989

Dalmatian(大麦町犬<斑点犬>)

[简介] 大麦町犬是一种有斑点的，特殊的狗；平静而警惕；强健、肌肉发达、且活泼；毫不羞怯；表情聪明伶俐；轮廓匀称；丝毫没有夸张或粗糙的地方。大麦町犬具有极大的耐力，而且奔跑速度相当快。背离这些理想状态的描述，则属于缺陷，并根据背离的程度进行扣分。

[体型] 理想的肩高约为19~23英寸。过大或过小都属于缺陷。不论雄性还是雌性，任何狗肩高超过24英寸属于失格。整个身躯的长度（从胸骨到臀部的距离），与肩高大致相等。大麦町犬具有良好的体质，骨骼结实而强健，但决不粗糙。

[头部] 头部与整个身躯相当协调。有正确的长度，且没有松弛的皮肤。表情：大麦町犬的表情显得警惕而聪明，显示出稳定而外向的气质。眼睛：位置分的略开，中等大小，样子有点圆，在脑袋上恰当的位置。眼睛的颜色通常是褐色或兰色，或两者的结合，颜色深一点比较理想，通常黑色斑点的品种的眼睛颜色要比肝色斑点的品种深。位置反常的眼睑或睫毛（眼睑内翻，眼睑外翻，倒睫毛）都属于严重缺陷。眼圈色素不足也属于严重缺陷。耳朵：耳朵中等大小，根部略宽（符合比例），逐渐变细，尖端略圆。位置较高，贴着头部，耳廓的质地薄而细腻。当大麦町犬警惕时，耳朵顶部与头顶齐平，耳尖延伸倒面颊底线的位置。脑袋：头顶平坦，中间有轻微的纵向凹痕，脑袋的宽度与长度相等。止部：止部适度清晰。面颊平滑地融入有力的口吻中。口吻：口吻的轮廓与脑袋的轮廓相互平行，长度与脑袋的长度大致相同。鼻镜：鼻镜的色素充足，黑色斑点的狗，鼻镜颜色为黑色；肝色斑点的狗，鼻镜颜色为褐色。鼻镜色素不足（部分鼻镜为肉色或完全为肉色）属于严重缺陷。嘴唇：整洁而紧闭，咬和：剪状咬和。上颚突出式咬和或下颚突出式咬和属于失格。

[颈部、背线、身躯] 颈部：呈优美的圆弧形，相当长，没有赘肉，平滑地融入肩胛。背线：平滑，胸部：深，胸腔容积大，且宽度适中，肋骨支撑良好，但没有桶状胸。胸底延伸倒肘部。胸腔底部呈优美的曲线，向身躯后方适度上提。背部：水平而结实。腰部：短，肌肉发达，且略微圆拱。整个腰部的腰窝都相当窄。臀部：相对背部，几乎是平的。尾巴：是背线的自然延伸。位置不能太低。根部粗壮，向末端逐渐变细，延伸到飞节。决不能断尾。姿势是略微向上弯曲的曲线，但决不能卷曲到背后。环形的尾巴或位置太低的尾巴都属于缺陷。

[前躯] 肩胛：肌肉平滑，向后倾斜。上臂：上臂骨的长度与肩胛骨的长度大致相同，与肩胛骨接合，并成足够的角度，使足爪正好能位于肩胛下方。肘部：贴近身躯。前肢：直，结实，且骨骼强健。胶骨：胶骨有轻微的角度，显示出柔韧。

[后躯] 后躯非常有力，拥有平滑，但非常清晰的肌肉。膝关节：弯曲良好。飞节：位置低，当大麦町犬站立时，从后面观察，后腿从飞节开始到足爪这部分彼此平行。牛肢属于非常严重的缺陷。

[足爪] 足爪：非常重要。前足爪和后足爪都非常圆而紧凑，脚垫厚实而有弹性，脚趾圆拱。平脚板属于非常严重的缺陷。黑色斑点的狗，趾甲颜色为黑色和/或白色；肝色斑点的狗，趾甲颜色为褐色和/或白色。狼爪可以切除。

[被毛] 被毛短、浓厚、细腻且紧贴着。既不是羊毛质，也不是丝质。被毛的外观是圆滑、有光泽、健康的。

[颜色和斑纹] 颜色和斑纹：颜色和斑纹及他的整体外貌是评判时重点考虑的因素。底色是纯粹的白色。黑色斑点的狗，斑点是浓重的黑色。肝色斑点的狗，斑点的颜色是肝褐色。除此之外，任何颜色的斑纹都属于失格。斑点：斑点圆而清晰，越清楚越好。斑点的大小从10美分硬币大小到半美圆硬币大小。斑点大小合适且分布均匀。斑点没有混合比较好。通常，头部、腿部、及尾巴上的斑点比身躯的斑点小。耳朵上最好有斑点。三色（很少发生在这个品种身上）：三色属于失格。在黑色斑点或肝色斑点的狗的头部、颈部、胸部、腿部褐尾巴等部位发现棕色斑纹。由于环境影响或被毛正常变化中产生的：青铜色的黑色斑点、褪色或/和变暗的肝色斑点都不属于三色。色块：色块属于失格。色块是指大面积纯黑色或肝色毛发，没有白色被毛。比正常斑点的面积大。色块密集、颜色闪耀且边界清晰，平滑。由许多斑点混合或交叠而成的大面积颜色不属于色块。这种颜色区域显示出许多单独的斑点，边界崎岖不平，及/或有白色毛发遍及其中。

[步态] 在饲养大麦町犬的历史上，曾一度将他用作马车犬，所以步态和耐力非常重要。动作稳固而轻松。前后角度平衡，配合上有力的肌肉，和良好的条件，形成了平顺、有效的动作。后躯的驱动力强大，配合了前躯充分的伸展。背线保持水平。肘部、飞节和足爪既不向内弯，也不向外翻。随着奔跑速度增加，趋向于单一轨迹。 [气质] 气质稳定而外向，但很威严。羞怯属于严重缺陷。

[评分标准] 整体外观 5 体型 10 头部 10 颈部、背线、身躯 10 前躯 5 后躯 5 足爪 5 被毛 5 颜色和斑纹 25 步态 10 气质 10 总计 100

[失格] 不论雄性还是雌性，任何狗肩高超过24英寸。上颚突出式咬和或下颚突出式咬和。除了黑色或肝色以外的任何颜色斑纹。三色。大面积斑块。

标准通过日期：1989年7月11日

标准执行日期：1989年9月 6日

原作： 酋长

来源： 转译自AKC

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