Keeshond Breed Standard
Non-Sporting Group

General Appearance
The Keeshond (pronounced kayz-hawnd) is a natural, handsome dog of well-balanced, short-coupled body, attracting attention not only by his coloration, alert carriage, and intelligent expression, but also by his stand-off coat, his richly plumed tail well curled over his back, his foxlike expression, and his small pointed ears. His coat is very thick around the neck, fore part of the shoulders and chest, forming a lion-like ruff-more profuse in the male. His rump and hind legs, down to the hocks, are also thickly coated, forming the characteristic "trousers." His head, ears, and lower legs are covered with thick, short hair.

Size, Proportion, Substance

The Keeshond is a medium-sized, square-appearing, sturdy dog, neither coarse nor lightly made. The ideal height of fully matured dogs when measured from top of withers to the ground is 18 inches for males and 17 inches for bitches-a one inch variance either way is acceptable. While correct size is very important, it should not outweigh that of type.

Head
Expression-Expression is largely dependent on the distinctive characteristic called "spectacles"-a combination of markings and shadings in the orbital area which must include a delicate, dark line slanting from the outer corner of each eye toward the lower corner of each ear coupled with expressive eyebrows. Markings (or shadings) on face and head must present a pleasing appearance, imparting to the dog an alert and intelligent expression. Very Serious Fault: Absence of dark lines which form the "spectacles."

Eyes - Eyes should be dark brown in color, of medium size, almond shaped, set obliquely and neither too wide apart nor too close together. Eye rims are black. Faults: Round and/or protruding eyes or eyes light of color.

Ears - Ears should be small, triangular in shape, mounted high on head and carried erect. Size should be proportionate to the head-length approximating the distance from the outer corner of the eye to the nearest edge of the ear. Fault: Ears not carried erect when at attention.

Skull - The head should be well-proportioned to the body and wedge-shaped when viewed from above-not only the muzzle, but the whole head should give this impression when the ears are drawn back by covering the nape of the neck and the ears with one hand. Head in profile should exhibit a definite stop. Faults: Apple head or absence of stop.

Muzzle - Of medium length, neither coarse nor snipey, and well proportioned to the skull.

Mouth - The mouth should be neither overshot nor undershot. Lips should be black and closely meeting-not thick, coarse or sagging, and with no wrinkle at the corner of the mouth. Faults: Overshot, undershot or wry mouth.

Teeth - The teeth should be white, sound and strong meeting in a scissors bite. Fault: Misaligned teeth.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck should be moderately long, well-shaped and well set on shoulders. The body should be compact with a short, straight back sloping slightly downward toward the hindquarters: well ribbed, barrel well rounded, short in loin, belly moderately tucked up, deep and strong of chest.

Tail - The tail should be moderately long and well feathered, set on high and tightly curled over the back. It should lie flat and close to the body. The tail must form a part of the "silhouette" of the dog's body, rather than give the appearance of an appendage. Fault: Tail not lying close to the back.

Forequarters - Forelegs should be straight seen from any angle. Pasterns are strong with a slight slope. Legs must be of good bone in proportion to the overall dog. Shoulder to upper arm angulation is between slight to moderate.

Hindquarters - Angulation in rear should be between slight to moderate to complement the forequarters, creating balance and typical gait. Hindquarters are well muscled with hocks perpendicular to the ground.

Feet - The feet should be compact, well rounded, cat-like. Toes are nicely arched, with black nails.

Coat
The body should be abundantly covered with long, straight, harsh hair standing well out from a thick, downy undercoat. Head, including muzzle, skull and ears, should be covered with smooth, soft, short hair--velvety in texture on the ears. The neck is covered with a mane--more profuse in the male--sweeping from under the jaw and covering the whole of the front part of the shoulders and chest, as well as the top part of the shoulders. The hair on the legs should be smooth and short, except for feathering on the front legs and "trousers" on the hind legs. Hind legs should be profusely feathered down to the hocks-not below. The hair on the tail should form a rich plume. Coat must not part down the back. The Keeshond is to be shown in a natural state with trimming permissible only on feet, pasterns, hocks and--if desired--whiskers. TRIMMING OTHER THAN AS DESCRIBED TO BE SEVERELY PENALIZED. Faults: Silky, wavy, or curly coats. Part in coat down the back.

Color and Markings
A dramatically marked dog, the Keeshond is a mixture of gray, black and cream. This coloration may vary from light to dark. The hair of the outer coat is black tipped, the length of the black tips producing the characteristic shading of color. Puppies are often less intensely marked. The undercoat is very pale gray or cream, never tawny.

Head - The muzzle should be dark in color. "Spectacles" and shadings, as previously described, are characteristic of the breed and must be present to some degree. Ears should be very dark-almost black.

Ruff, Shoulders and "Trousers" - The color of the ruff and "trousers" is lighter than that of the body. The shoulder line markings of light gray must be well defined.

Tail - The plume of the tail is very light in color when curled on the back, and the tip of the tail should be black.

Legs and Feet - Legs and feet are cream.

Faults: Pronounced white markings. Black markings more than halfway down the foreleg, penciling excepted. White foot or feet.

Very Serious Faults - Entirely black or white or any solid color; any pronounced deviation from the color as described.

Gait
The distinctive gait of the Keeshond is unique to the breed. Dogs should move boldly and keep tails curled over the back. They should move cleanly and briskly; the movement should be straight and sharp with reach and drive between slight to moderate.

Temperament
Temperament is of primary importance. The Keeshond is neither timid nor aggressive but, instead, is outgoing and friendly with both people and other dogs. The Keeshond is a lively, intelligent, alert and affectionate companion.

Approved November 14, 1989
Effective January 1, 1990

Keeshond(荷兰毛狮犬)

[简介] 荷兰狮毛犬是一种自然，英俊的狗，非常匀称，身躯接合短，不光是身上的颜色非常引人注意，姿势警觉，且表情聪明，而且身体上竖立的被毛，有丰富的羽状饰毛的尾巴，卷在背后，象狐狸一样的表情，小而尖的耳朵。颈部周围、肩胛前部、胸部的被毛非常浓厚，形成象狮子一样的鬃毛，尤其是雄性更加明显。他的臀部和后腿，到飞节以上部位的毛发也非常浓厚，形成所谓的“马裤”。他头部、耳朵、腿下半部覆盖着浓厚而短的毛发。

[体型] 荷兰狮毛犬是中等体型，正方形外观的强健的狗，既不显得粗糙，也不显得轻盈。成熟雄性的理想肩高为18英寸；成熟雌性的肩高为17英寸，误差不超过1英寸。正确的尺寸是非常重要的，体型不能超出这个范围。

[头部] 表情：表情主要依靠一种称为“眼镜”的独特特征体现出来。由在眼窝周围的斑纹和阴影组成，必须包括精巧、深色的线条，从外眼角向耳朵较低的角落倾斜，并与丰富的眉毛连接。脸部和头部的斑纹（或阴影）必须显示出漂亮的外貌，给予他警惕而聪明的表情。非常严重的缺陷：缺乏形成“眼镜”的深色线条。眼睛：眼睛的颜色为深褐色，中等大小，杏仁状，略微倾斜，距离既不太宽，也不太近。眼圈为黑色。缺陷：圆或突出的眼睛，眼睛颜色浅。耳朵：耳朵小，三角形，安在头部较高的位置，且竖立。尺寸与头部的长度比例协调，大致等于从外眼角到最近的耳朵边缘的距离。缺陷：当他关注时，耳朵不能竖立。脑袋：头部与身躯的比例非常协调，从上面观察，不光是口吻，而是整个头部呈楔形，但整个头部给人这种印象是在耳朵向后倒，贴在颈部，用手按住时。头部的轮廓显示出清晰的止部。缺陷：苹果头或缺乏止部。口吻：中等长度，既不粗糙，也不尖细，与脑袋的比例非常协调。嘴：嘴既不是上颚突出，也不是下颚突出。嘴唇为黑色，紧密结合，不是太厚，粗糙或下垂，嘴角没有皱纹。缺陷：上颚突出、下颚突出或歪嘴。牙齿：牙齿白，健康而结实，剪状咬和。缺陷：牙齿未对齐。

[颈部、背线、身躯] 颈部：中等长度，形状良好，在肩胛的位置恰当。身躯紧凑，背部短、略微向下、向后倾斜；肋骨支撑良好，桶状，圆，腰部短，腹部适度上提。胸部深而结实。尾巴：尾巴长度适中，有大量羽状饰毛，位置高，且紧紧卷在后背。尾巴平贴并紧靠身躯。尾巴给人的印象是身躯的一部分，而不是一种附加物。缺陷：尾巴不是紧贴后背。

[前躯] 前肢：从任何角度观察，前肢都显得很直。胶骨结实，略微倾斜。腿部的骨量充足，与整体的比例协调。上臂的角度轻微或适中。

[后躯] 后躯的角度轻微或适中，与前躯对应，形成平衡而典型的步态。后腿肌肉发达，飞节垂直于地面。

[足爪] 足爪紧凑，圆，类似猫足。脚趾精致地圆拱，指甲为黑色。

[被毛] 身躯上覆盖在丰富的，长、直、粗硬的毛发，披毛透过浓厚的、毛茸茸的底毛竖立在身躯上。头部，包括口吻、脑袋、耳朵，覆盖着平滑、柔软、且短的毛发，耳朵上毛发的质地象天鹅绒一样。颈部覆盖着鬃毛，雄性尤其丰厚，从下巴开始，“席卷”整个肩胛前部、胸部、包括肩胛顶部。腿部的毛发平滑而短，除了前腿的羽状饰毛和后腿的“马裤”。后腿丰富的羽状饰毛延伸到飞节，但飞节下方没有。尾巴上的毛发形成丰富的羽毛，没有向后下方的被毛。荷兰狮毛犬必须显示出自然的状态，只可以修剪足爪、胶骨、飞节的毛发，如果必要，可以修剪胡须。如果修剪其他部位的毛发都属于严重缺陷。缺陷：丝质、波浪状、或卷曲的被毛。部分被毛向后下方。

[颜色和斑纹] 一种拥有引人注目的斑纹的狗，荷兰狮毛犬混合了灰色、黑色和奶酪色。这些颜色可能深浅不同。外层毛发具有黑色末梢，黑色末梢的长度造成了特殊的阴影。幼犬通常都缺乏强烈的斑纹。底毛是非常浅的灰色或奶酪色，决不能出现棕色。头部：口吻的颜色深。“眼镜”和阴影，就象前面所描述的那样，是该品种独特的特征，必须在出现。耳朵的颜色非常深，差不多是黑色。围脖，肩胛和“马裤”：围脖和“马裤”的颜色比身躯的颜色略浅。肩胛的条状斑纹必须是清晰的浅灰色。尾巴：当尾巴卷在背后时，尾巴上羽毛的颜色非常浅，尾巴尖的颜色时黑色。腿和足爪：腿和足爪为奶酪色。缺陷：明显的白色斑纹。腿部中间以下部位出现黑色斑纹，铅笔纹除外。白色足爪和脚底。 非常严重的缺陷: 彻底的黑色或白色或其他纯色，明显背离标准所描述的颜色。

[步态] 荷兰狮毛犬与众不同的步态是他的明显特征。动作粗放，尾巴保持卷在背后。动作整洁而活泼；动作整齐而敏捷，伸展和驱动轻微或适中。

[气质] 气质是第一位重要的。荷兰狮毛犬既不胆怯、也不好斗。而是非常外向，对人和其他狗都非常友好。荷兰狮毛犬是一种活泼、聪明、警惕而挚爱的伴侣犬。

标准通过日期：1989年11月14日

标准执行日期：1990年月1日

原作： 酋长

来源： 转译自AKC

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