Belgian Malinois Breed Standard
Herding Group

General Appearance
The Belgian Malinois is a well balanced, square dog, elegant in appearance with an exceedingly proud carriage of the head and neck. The dog is strong, agile, well muscled, alert, and full of life. He stands squarely on all fours and viewed from the side, the topline, forelegs, and hind legs closely approximate a square. The whole conformation gives the impression of depth and solidity without bulkiness. The male is usually somewhat more impressive and grand than his female counterpart, which has a distinctly feminine look.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Males are 24 to 26 inches in height; females are 22 to 24 inches; measurement to be taken at the withers. Males under 23 inches or over 27 inches and females under 21 inches or over 25 inches are to be disqualified. The length, measured from the point of the breastbone to the point of the rump, should equal the height, but bitches may be slightly longer. A square dog is preferred. Bone structure is moderately heavy in proportion to height so that the dog is well balanced throughout and neither spindly or leggy nor cumbersome and bulky.

Head

The head is clean-cut and strong without heaviness; overall size is in proportion to the body. The expression should indicate alertness, attention and readiness for activity, and the gaze is intelligent and questioning. The eyes are brown, preferably dark brown, medium size, slightly almond shaped, not protruding. Eye rims are black. The ears approach the shape of an equilateral triangle and are stiff, erect, and in proportion to the head in size. The outer corner of the ear should not come below the center of the eye. Ears hanging as on a hound, or semi-prick ears are disqualifications. The top of the skull is flattened rather than rounded with the width approximately the same as the length but no wider. The stop is moderate. The muzzle is moderately pointed, avoiding any tendency to snipiness, and approximately equal in length to the topskull. The planes of the muzzle and topskull are parallel. The jaws are strong and powerful. The nose is black without discolored areas. The lips are tight and black with no pink showing on the outside. The Belgian Malinois has a full complement of strong, white teeth, that are evenly set and meet in a scissors or level bite. Overshot and undershot bites are a fault. An undershot bite in which two or more of the upper incisors lose contact with two or more of the lower incisors is a disqualification. One or more missing teeth is a serious fault.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is round and of sufficient length to permit the proud carriage of the head. It should taper from the body to the head. The topline is generally level. The withers are slightly higher and slope into the back which must be level, straight and firm from withers to hip joint. The croup is medium long, sloping gradually. Thebody should give the impression of power without bulkiness. The chest is not broad but is deep with the lowest point reaching the elbow. The underline forms a smooth ascendant curve from the lowest point of the chest to the abdomen. The abdomen is moderately developed, neither tucked up nor paunchy. The loin section, viewed from above, is relatively short, broad and strong, and blends smoothly into the back. The tail is strong at the base, the bone reaching to the hock. In action it is raised with a curve, which is strongest towards the tip, without forming a hook. A cropped or stumped tail is a disqualification.

Forequarters
The forequarters are muscular without excessive bulkiness. The shoulder is long and oblique, laid flat against the body, forming a sharp angle with the upper arm. The legs are straight, strong, and parallel to each other. The bone is oval rather than round. Length and substance are well in proportion to the size of the dog. The pastern is of medium length, strong, and very slightly sloped. Dewclaws may be removed. The feet are round (cat footed) and well padded with the toes curved close together. The nails are strong and black except that they may be white to match white toe tips.

Hindquarters
Angulation of the hindquarters is in balance with the forequarters; the angle at the hock is relatively sharp, although the Belgian Malinois should not have extreme angulation. The upper and lower thigh bones should approximately parallel the shoulder blade and upper arm respectively. The legs are in proportion to the size of the dog; oval bone rather than round. Legs are parallel to each other. The thighs should be well muscled. Dewclaws, if any, should be removed. Metatarsi are of medium length, strong, and slightly sloped. The hind feet may be slightly elongated, with toes curved close together and well padded. Nails are strong and black except that they may be white to match white toe tips.

Coat
The coat should be comparatively short, straight, hard enough to be weather resistant, with dense undercoat. It should be very short on the head, ears, and lower legs. The hair is somewhat longer around the neck where it forms a collarette, and on the tail and backs of the thighs. The coat should conform to the body without standing out or hanging down.

Color
The basic coloring is a rich fawn to mahogany, with black tips on the hairs giving an overlay appearance. The mask and ears are black. The underparts of the body, tail and breeches are lighter fawn, but washed-out fawn color on the body is a fault. Color should be considered a finishing point, not to take precedence over structure or temperament. The tips of the toes may be white, and a small white spot on the breastbone/prosternum is permitted, not to extend to the neck. White markings, except as noted, are faulted.

Gait
The movement is smooth, free and easy, seemingly never tiring, exhibiting facility of movement rather than a hard driving action. The Belgian Malinois single tracks at a fast gait, the legs, both front and rear, converging toward the center line of gravity, while the topline remains firm and level, parallel to the line of motion with no crabbing. The breed shows a marked tendency to move in a circle rather than a straight line.

Temperament
Correct temperament is essential to the working character of the Belgian Malinois. The breed is confident, exhibiting neither shyness nor aggressiveness in new situations. The dog may be reserved with strangers but is affectionate with his own people. He is naturally protective of his owner's person and property without being overly aggressive. The Belgian Malinois possesses a strong desire to work and is quick and responsive to commands from his owner. Faulty temperament is strongly penalized.

Faults
The degree to which a dog is penalized should depend upon the extent to which the dog deviates from the standard and the extent to which the particular fault would actually affect the working ability of the dog.

Disqualifications
Males under 23 inches or over 27 inches and females under 21 inches or over 25 inches. Ears hanging as on a hound, or semi-prick ears. An undershot bite in which two or more of the upper incisors lose contact with two or more of the lower incisors. A cropped or stumped tail.

Approved July 10, 1990
Effective August 29, 1990

Belgian Malinois(比利时玛利诺犬)

[简介] 比利时玛利诺犬是一种非常匀称的狗，身体比例呈正方形，态度文雅，头部和颈部非常高傲的昂起。他结实、灵活且肌肉发达，永远都保持警觉。站立时，从侧面观察，身躯和四肢呈正方形比例，即背线、前肢、后肢形成近似正方形的结构。整体结构给人的印象是有深度、可靠，但不粗笨。一般雄性给人的印象比雌性要深一些、大一些，而雌性一般显得柔美。

[体型] 雄性肩高在24~26英寸；雌性肩高在22~24英寸。测量位置在马肩隆处。雄性低于23英寸或高于27英寸；雌性低于21英寸或高于25英寸都属于失格。身体长度（从胸骨到臀部的距离）与肩高相等，雌性可能略长一些，但正方形比例为首选。骨骼结构为中等骨量，与肩高比例恰当，使整体结构的比例匀称，既不细长或腿太细长，也不身躯庞大、粗笨。

[头部] 头部轮廓清晰整洁，结实但不沉重。尺寸与身躯比例恰当。表情：显示出机警、关注、随时准备行动。眼神表现出聪明和疑问。眼睛：褐色，深褐色更好。中等大小，略呈杏仁状，不突出。眼圈为黑色。耳朵：形状接近等边三角形，牢固的竖立着，与头部比例恰当。耳朵外侧角不能低于眼睛中心线。耳朵象猎犬那样耷拉着或半立耳都属于失格。脑袋：头顶略平坦，不圆拱，宽度与长度大致相等，不能太阔。止部适中。口吻：略微有点尖，不能象被截断的样子，长度大致与脑袋相等。轮廓与脑袋的轮廓平行。颚部结实而有力。鼻镜为黑色，无污迹。嘴唇紧，黑色，从外部看不到粉红色。咬和：比利时玛利诺犬的牙齿为完整、有力的白牙齿，均匀分布，剪状咬和或钳状咬和。上颚突出式咬和或下颚突出式咬和属于缺陷。下颚突出式咬和如果有两颗或两颗以上的上门牙无法与下门牙接触，属于失格。缺齿一颗或一颗以上，属于严重缺陷。

[颈部、背线、身躯] 颈部：呈圆弧形，有足够的长度，以高傲的昂起脑袋。从与身躯结合处向头部逐渐变细。背线：通常保持水平，马肩隆略高，背部从马肩隆到臀部保持水平、直、稳固。臀部长度中等，逐渐倾斜。身躯：给人的印象为有力而不笨重。胸不宽，但相当深，深度达到肘部。下腹线（从胸部最深处到腹部）为平顺优美的曲线，腹部适度发达，既不过分上提，也没有大肚子。腰部，从上方观察，显得短、宽而结实，平滑的与背部结合。尾巴：尾根处结实，尾骨延伸到飞节，运动时，尾巴凸起呈曲线状，向尖端结实，不能象个钩子。断尾属于失格。

[前躯] 前躯肌肉发达但不过分笨重，肩胛长而倾斜，向后斜靠着身躯，与前臂呈明显的角度。腿直、结实且彼此平行，骨骼呈卵形而不是圆形。长度和质地与整体的比例非常匀称。脚腕中等长度，结实，非常轻微地倾斜。狼爪可以被切除。足爪圆（猫足），脚趾圆拱且非常紧密。趾甲结实，黑色（除了与白色脚趾相称的白色指甲）。

[后躯] 后躯的角度与前躯平衡，飞节的角度比较明显，虽然，比利时玛利诺犬没有太夸张的角度。上半部大腿骨和下半部大腿骨分别与肩胛骨及前臂骨平行，腿与身躯整体比例恰当，骨骼呈卵形而不是圆形。两后腿彼此平行，大腿肌肉发达。如果有狼爪，必须切除。跖骨中等长度，结实而略倾斜。后肢足爪略长，脚趾圆拱且非常紧密，脚垫厚实。趾甲结实，黑色（除了与白色脚趾相称的白色指甲）。 [被毛] 被毛相当短、直、硬且能抵御恶劣气候，有浓密的底毛。头部、耳朵、腿下侧毛发非常短。围绕颈部的毛发略长，形成围脖，尾巴和大腿后侧的毛发也较长。毛发紧贴身躯，既不竖在身上，也不垂下来。

[颜色] 基本色为从驼色到桃木色不等，毛发尖端为黑色。耳朵和面具为黑色，身躯下部、尾巴和“裤子”为浅驼色。但身躯出现褪色的驼色属于缺陷。颜色是最后考虑的，不能优先于结构或气质。脚趾尖有可能为白色。白色斑纹出现在胸部是允许的，但不能延伸到颈部。除此其他部分出现白色都属于缺陷。

[步态]动作平顺、舒展而轻松，显得不费力。动作灵活比驱动力强大更重要。在快速跑动时，比利时玛利诺的足迹为单一轨迹，前后肢都由于重力作用而聚拢在身体中心线下。背线水平而稳固，与运动方向一致。这一品种绕圆形跑动要胜于直线跑动。

[气质] 正确的气质，对作为工作犬的比利时玛利诺犬而言，是其根本特质。这一品种非常自信，在新环境中，既不羞怯也没有侵略性。对陌生人有所保留但对主人非常友爱。天生会保护自己人和自己的财产，但没有过分的侵略性。比利时玛利诺犬具有强烈的工作愿望，对主人的命令反应迅速。缺陷：性格暴躁属于严重缺陷。

[缺陷] 根据其背离上述标准的程度，来确定其缺陷的严重程度。此外，一些细节缺陷要看对工作能力的影响程度而定。

[失格] 雄性低于23英寸或高于27英寸；雌性低于21英寸或高于25英寸。耳朵象猎犬那样耷拉着或半立耳。下颚突出式咬和且有两颗或两颗以上的上门牙无法与下门牙接触。断尾。

标准通过日期：1990年7月10日

标准执行日期：1990年8月29日

原作： 酋长

来源： 转译自AKC

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