Border Collie Breed Standard
Herding Group

Preamble - The Border Collie originated in the border country between Scotland and England where the shepherds' breeding selection was based on biddable stock sense and the ability to work long days on rugged terrain. As a result of this selective breeding, the Border Collie developed the unique working style of gathering and fetching the stock with wide sweeping outruns. The stock is then controlled with an intense gaze known as "eye", coupled with a stalking style of movement. This selective breeding over hundreds of years developed the Border Collie's intensity, energy and trainability which are features so important that they are equal to physical size and appearance. The Border Collie has extraordinary instinct and an uncanny ability to reason. One of its greatest assets is the ability to work out of sight of its master without commands. Breeding based on this working ability has made this breed the world's premier sheep herding dog, a job the Border Collie is still used for worldwide.

General Appearance

The Border Collie is a well balanced, medium-sized dog of athletic appearance, displaying style and agility in equal measure with soundness and strength. Its hard, muscular body conveys the impression of effortless movement and endless endurance. The Border Collie is extremely intelligent, with its keen, alert expression being a very important characteristic of the breed. Any aspect of structure or temperament that would impede the dog's ability to function as a herding dog should be severely faulted. The Border Collie is, and should remain, a natural and unspoiled true working sheep dog whose conformation is described herein. Honorable scars and broken teeth incurred in the line of duty are acceptable.

Size, Proportion, Substance
The height at the withers varies from 19" to 22" for males, 18" to 21" for females. The body, from prosternum to point of buttocks, is slightly longer than the height at the withers with the length to height ratio being approximately 10:9. Bone must be strong, medium being correct but lighter bone is preferred over heavy. Overall balance between height, length, weight and bone is crucial and is more important than any absolute measurement. Dogs must be presented in hard working condition. Excess body weight is not to be mistaken for muscle or substance. Any single feature of size appearing out of proportion should be considered a fault.

Head
Expression is intelligent, alert, eager, and full of interest. Eyes are set well apart, of moderate size, oval in shape. The color encompasses the full range of brown eyes, dogs having body colors other than black may have noticeably lighter eye color. Blue eyes (with one, both or part of one or both eyes being blue) in dogs other than merle, are acceptable but not preferred. Eye rims should be fully pigmented, lack thereof considered a fault according to degree. Ears are of medium size, set well apart, one or both carried erect and/or semi-erect (varying from 1/4 to 3/4 of the ear erect). When semi-erect, the tips may fall forward or outward to the side. Ears are sensitive and mobile. Skull is relatively flat and moderate in width. The skull and muzzle are approximately equal in length. In profile the top of the skull is parallel with the top of the muzzle. Stop moderate, but distinct. The muzzle is strong, tapering slightly to the nose. The underjaw is strong and well developed. A domed, blocky or very narrow skull is faulty according to degree, as is cheekiness and a snipey muzzle. Nose color matches the primary body color. Nostrils are well developed. Lack of nose pigmentation is a fault according to degree. Bite: Teeth and jaws are strong, meeting in a scissors bite. Complete dentition is required. Missing molars or pre-molars are serious faults as is an undershot or overshot bite.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck is of proportional length to the body, strong and muscular, slightly arched and blending smoothly into the shoulders. Topline: Back is level from behind the withers to the slightly arched, muscular loins, falling to a gently sloping croup. Body is athletic in appearance with a deep, moderately broad chest reaching no further than the point of the elbow. The rib cage is moderately long with well sprung ribs. Loins moderately deep and short, muscular, slightly arched and with a slight but distinct tuck up. The tail is set on low and is moderately long with the bone reaching at least to the hock. The ideal tail carriage is low when the dog is concentrating on a given task and may have a slight upward swirl at the end like a shepherd's crook. In excitement, it may be raised proudly and waved like a banner, showing a confident personality. A tail curled over the back is a fault.

Forequarters
Forelegs should be parallel when viewed from front, pasterns slightly sloping when viewed from side. Because sufficient length of leg is crucial for the type of work the breed is required to do, the distance from the wither to the elbow is slightly less than from the elbow to the ground and legs that are too short in proportion to the rest of the body are a serious fault. The shoulder blades are long, well laid back and well-angulated to the upper arm. Shoulder blades and upper arms are equal in length. There is sufficient width between the tops of the shoulder blades to allow for the characteristic crouch when approaching and moving stock. The elbows are neither in nor out. Feet are compact, oval in shape; pads deep and strong, toes moderately arched and close together with strong nails of moderate length. Dewclaws may be removed.

Hindquarters
Broad and muscular, in profile sloping gracefully to the low set tail. The thighs are long, broad, deep and muscular. Stifles are well turned with strong hocks that may be either parallel or very slightly turned in. Dewclaws should be removed. Feet, although slightly smaller, are the same as front.

Coat
Two varieties are permissible, both having close-fitting, dense, weather resistant double coats with the top coat either straight or wavy and coarser in texture than the undercoat which is soft, short and dense. The rough variety is medium in length without being excessive. Forelegs, haunches, chest and underside are feathered and the coat on face, ears, feet, fronts of legs is short and smooth. The smooth variety is short over entire body, is usually coarser in texture than the rough variety and may have slight feathering on forelegs, haunches, chest and ruff. Neither coat type is preferred over the other. Seasonal shedding is normal and should not be penalized. The Border Collie's purpose as an actively working herding dog shall be clearly evident in its presentation. Excess hair on the feet, hock and pastern areas may be neatened for the show ring. Whiskers are untrimmed. Dogs that are overly groomed (trimmed and/or sculpted) should be penalized according to the extent.

Color
The Border Collie appears in all colors or combination of colors and/or markings. Solid color, bi-color, tri-color, merle and sable dogs are to be judged equally with no one color or pattern preferred over another. White markings may be clear white or ticked to any degree. Random white patches on the body and head are permissible but should not predominate. Color and markings are always secondary to physical evaluation and gait.

Gait
The Border Collie is an agile dog, able to suddenly change speed and direction while maintaining balance and grace. Endurance is its trademark. The Border Collie's most used working gaits are the gallop and a moving crouch (stealth) which convert to a balanced and free trot, with minimum lift of the feet. The head is carried level with or slightly below the withers. When shown, Border Collies should move on a loose lead and at moderate speed, never raced around the ring with the head held high. When viewed from the side the trot is not long striding, yet covers the ground with minimum effort, exhibiting facility of movement rather than a hard driving action. Exaggerated reach and drive at the trot are not useful to the Border Collie. The topline is firm. Viewed from the front, action is forward and true without wasted motion. Viewed from the rear, hindquarters drive with thrust and flexibility with hocks turning neither in nor out, moving close together but never touching. The legs, both front and rear, tend to converge toward the center line as speed increases. Any deficiency that detracts from efficient movement is a fault.

Temperament
The Border Collie is energetic, intelligent, keen, alert, and responsive. An intense worker of great tractability, it is affectionate towards friends but may be sensibly reserved towards strangers. When approached, the Border Collie should stand its ground. It should be alert and interested, never showing fear, dullness or resentment. Any tendencies toward viciousness, nervousness or shyness are very serious faults.

Faults
Any deviation from the foregoing should be considered a fault, the seriousness of the fault depending upon the extent of the deviation.

Approved: January 13, 2004
Effective: March 2, 2004

 

 

Border Collie(边境牧羊犬）

[简介] 边境牧羊犬是非常匀称的、中等体型的、外观健壮的狗。显示出来的优雅和敏捷与体质及精力相称。他的身躯坚实、肌肉发达，具有平滑的轮廓，给人的印象是动作毫不费力，且具有无穷的耐力。这一特征使他成为世界排名第一位的牧羊犬。他精力充沛、警惕而热情。聪明是他的一大特点。

[体型] 雄性的肩高范围在19~22英寸；雌性的肩高范围在18~21英寸。身体长度（从肩胛末端到臀部的距离）略大于肩高。骨骼结实，但不夸张，与整体尺寸相称。整体的高度、长度、体重、骨量的匀称是至关重要的，比单一特征要重要的多。体重超标不应该误认为是肌肉或骨量造成的。任何单一特征影响整体的平衡将被认为是缺陷。

[头部] 表情：聪明、警惕、热情且充满好奇心。眼睛：分的较开，中等大小，卵形。眼圈色素和眼睛颜色为褐色；如果身体主要颜色不是黑色，眼睛的颜色会明显浅一些。眼圈色素缺乏属于缺陷。除了山鸟色外，其他颜色的狗出现兰眼睛属于缺陷。山鸟色狗单眼兰色或两眼兰色；单眼部分兰色或两眼部分兰色都是允许的。耳朵：中等大小，分的较开，耳朵竖立或半立（保持1/4到3/4的耳朵竖立）。耳尖指向前面或向两侧。耳朵灵敏，且灵活。脑袋：宽阔，后枕骨不突出。脑袋的长度与前脸的长度相等。止部适中、但清晰。口吻：略短，结实，且钝，鼻镜端略细。下颚结实且非常发达。鼻镜的颜色与身体主要颜色相称，鼻孔发达。象被截断的口吻属于缺陷。咬和：牙齿和颚部结实，剪状咬和。

[颈部、背线、身躯] 颈部：长度恰当，结实且肌肉发达，略拱，向肩部方向逐渐放宽。背线：平，腰部后方略拱。身躯：外观健壮。胸深、宽度适中，显示出巨大的胸腔容积。胸深达到肘部。肋骨扩张良好。腰部深度适中，肌肉发达，略拱，无上提。臀部向后逐渐倾斜。尾巴：位置低，中等长度，尾骨延伸到飞节。末端有向上的旋涡。在全神贯注完成任务时，尾巴低垂，以保持平衡。兴奋时，尾巴可能上举到背部的高度。放荡的尾巴属于缺陷。

[前躯] 从前面观察，前肢骨骼发达，彼此平行。从侧面观察，脚腕略微倾斜。肩胛与上臂角度恰当。肘部既不向内弯也不向外翻。狼爪可以被切除。足爪紧凑，卵形，脚垫深且结实，脚趾适度圆拱、紧凑。

[后躯] 宽阔且肌肉发达，轮廓温和的向尾巴处倾斜。大腿长、宽、深且肌肉发达。膝关节角度恰当，飞节结实、位置低。从后面观察，后肢骨量充足、直、彼此平行且有非常轻微的牛肢。狼爪可以被切除。足爪紧凑，卵形，脚垫深且结实，脚趾适度圆拱、紧凑。趾甲短而结实。

[被毛] 允许有两种类型：粗毛和短毛。两种类型都有柔软、浓密、能抵御恶劣气候的双层被毛。幼犬的毛发短、柔软、浓密且能防水。成年后转化成底毛。粗毛型：毛发长度中等，质地平坦，略呈波浪状，脸部毛发短而平滑。前肢有羽状饰毛。后脚腕的毛发可以被剪短。随着年龄的增加，毛发会逐渐变成很厉害的波浪状，这不属于缺陷。短毛型：全身的毛发都很短，前肢可能有饰毛，胸部毛发丰满。

[颜色] 边境牧羊犬具有很多种颜色，有各种不同的式样和斑纹。最普通的颜色就是黑色带（或不带）白筋、白围脖、白袜子、白尾尖，带（或不带）褐色斑纹。身体出现各种不同的颜色都是允许的，惟独全白色是例外。单色、双色、三色与传统的颜色在比赛中应该一视同仁。颜色和斑纹在比赛中为次要指标，身体结构和步态才是主要指标。

[步态] 边境牧羊犬是一种敏捷的狗，能突然的改变速度和方向而不失去平衡和优雅。耐力是这一品种的招牌。他小跑的步态舒展、平顺、不费力。足爪离地面距离最短，当他轻松滑行时，背线没有任何变化（背线平稳）。从侧面观察，他的步幅非常大，而步伐频率非常低，动作迅速而准确。肩部、肘部和脚腕没有任何松懈。从后面观察，四肢的驱动有力且有弹性。飞节靠的很近，但没有交叉。背离上述正确步态的现象属于缺陷。在最终评审中，步态属于最重要的特征，并椐此判断身体结构是否合理、正确。

[气质] 边境牧羊犬是聪明、警惕而敏感的品种，对朋友非常友善而对陌生人明显地有所保留，所以是一种非常优秀的看门狗。他还是一种卓越的牧羊犬，他乐于学习并对此感到满足。并在人类的友谊中茁壮成长。有明显的凶恶倾向或非常羞怯都属于严重缺陷。

[缺陷] 背离上面描述的地方都属于缺陷，并需要根据背离的程度进行扣分。

标准通过日期：1995年1月10日

标准执行日期：1995年4月30日

原作： 酋长

来源： 转译自AKC

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